Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 1 of 49
TABLE 1-1b
1 APR 75 TWO-HOUR AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 20 NOV 74 FROM PAGE MANOR, WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING^)
Sample Number
Chlordane
Air Volume
Last Date
i~' Chlordane
Julian
Mass
in Sample
Chlordane Concentratiol
Sequence
No.
"r=2':n;ent^*)
"Coll.(75)
330-74
339-74 339-74 339-74 077-75
Date
House Mo. Designator
*3' ^/M")
Sampled(L)
318 392
541
(ug)
*^0.2
STrace >Trace
*^.0.6
7nlcr.own^***/
^nkaovn
7n known ^nimown
aar 74
"L 73 or 74
15 4 8 10 5 16
6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15
16 17
330-74 077-75
077-75 077-75 077-75 077-75 077-75 077-75 077-75 077-75 077-75 076-75 076-75 076-75 076-75
076-75
5094 Cobb, Liv.Rm. 5088 Access, Liv. Rm. 5350 Access, Liv. Rm. 5427 Mitchell. Liv.KB. 5333 Cobb. Kitch. 5321 Cobb, Liv, Room 5321-Cobb, Liv, Room 28 Wells, Kitch. 5317 Cobb, Kitch. 24 Wells. Kitch.
5341 Cobb. Kitch.
*^.0.2
*^0.2
*-S0.5 *^0.4
392
384 347 384
*-^0.2
^0.2
*^.0.5
^0.5
^0.6
^0.2
"0.2 0.6
^0.2 0.2 <0.2
378
384 384 384 384
384
0.5 1.1 ^.0.5
0.5 .0.5
CaJmown r?73 or 74
Unknown Unknown Cnkaown
Apr 74 Apr 74
??73
or 74
Apr 74
FY73 or 74
Unknown Apr 74 Kar 74 Apr 74 Apr 74 FY 73 or 74
18 2 19 1 2 3
9
076-75 339-74
076-75
092-75 092-75 092-75 100-75
100-75
10 1 2 3
105-75
105-75 105-75
5066 Access, Kitch. 5060 Access, Kitch. 5249 Cobb. Kitch. 5064 Cobb, Kitch. 5119 Cobb, Kitch. 88 Wells. Kitch. 47 Wells, Kitch. 55 Wells, Kitch. 57 Wells. Kitch. 44 Wells, Kitch. 63 Wells, Kitch. 30 Wells. Liv, Room 30 Wells, Kitch. 5315 Cobb, Kitch. 5064 Access, Din. Room 5052 Cobb, Din. Room 5468 Access Rd., Liv.Bin. 48 Meehan, Liv. Room 53 Wells,Liv, Room 51 Wells,Liv. Room 59 Wells, Liv. Room
*^.0.2
0.5
*^0.5
1.3
384 384 384 384
384
^0.2
<0.1 0.3
-^0.5
A0.5 0.8 ^0.5 1.3
^0.2
0.5 ^0.2 0.2 0.5 ^-0.2 *<0.2 0.2 0.4 ^0.2 0.5
384
384 384
^0.5
0.5 1.3 ^0.6
363
392 384 385
*^0.5
0.5
1.0
385 385
390
<0.5
1.3 -0.5 ^.0.5 <0.5 0.5
<0.2
^0.2
384 384 384 384
<0.2 0.2
<0.2
<0.5
(*lWF/Page Manor/CY 52/2, (**)Treatment was by presi
:or pest control. A 46% water emulsiftable Chlordane concentrate was diluted to a 1.5X concentration an3 4 gallons of the-diluted solutlonvere pressure injected beneath the slab at every ten feet around the foundation's perimeter.Treated by Base Entomology Shop.
(***}
Available records do not verify Chat these houses were ever treated with chlordane for pest control. From the air sampling results, most Indeed may have not been treated,
NOTE: "Trace" levels are recorded with less than signs while "non-detectable" levels are recorded with asterisk and less than signs. Mass and concentration values are rounded off to nearest" tenths.
1-17
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 2 of 49
TABLE 1-2 TWO-HOUR LIVING ROOM AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 25-26 MARCH 1975 ______FROM ANDREWS AFB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING______
Descript.
No. of 2story UnitsSample
of
Houses
Available
No.
House No.
4622-5 A 4622-6 A 4623-4 A 4624-4 A 4624-5 A 4625-4 A 4627-2 A 4630-4 A 4609-3 A 4611-3 A 4612-3 A 4613-1 A 4613-2 A 4613-3 A 4615-2 A 4615-3 A 4635-2 A 4635-5 A 4640-2 A 4640-3 A 4641-2 A 4642-1 A 4642-8 A 4752-2 A 4759-1 A 4085-1 A 4095-4 A 4086-3 A 4090-1 A 0000-0 A 4074-1 A 4074-3 A 4079-1 A 4020-5 A 4021-1 A 4021-2 A 4029-4 A 4030-2 A
Air Volume Sampled (L)
Chtordane Mass in Sample (^}
<0.2 0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.4 0.3 <0.2 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.2 <0.2 0.3 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.3
C
(WM3)
Chtordane
"A Trace
<0.5
Concentration
(an 2 story)
Andrews/ FY 68/
1
> Trace
W
1 2
3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
n
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
V
Andrews/ FY 66/ 1
250
24
25 26
27
28 29
30<1)
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
(1) Sample collected from outside air in housing area. Samples numbers 01 through 30 were collected during a warm (60-70F) day. 31 through 38 were collected durinq a relatively cool (50F) morning.
gravel fill Sub-slab ducts of pesticides was ccupants use
in
^
^
368 371 366 384 381 378 375 381 416 406 360 420 404 410 400 384 352 371 339 333 336 323 339 378 371 352 346 336 336 364 364 362 364 384 384 384 381 397
0.5
<.0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5
1.0
0.7 <0.6 2.4 1.2 2.0 0.5 1.8 0.6 <0.5
0.9
:' <0.6
<0.6 <0.60.9 <0.5 <0.5 0.9
(
<0.2
<0.2 0.3 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.2 * <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.3 0.2 <0.2 0.3 0.2
<0.6 <0.6 <0.6 * <0.5 * <0.5
<0.5
<0.5
0.8
0.5
<0.5 0.8 0.5
Samples
limited to spot applications of commercial formulations of pyrethum and peperonyl butoxide, diazinon, and baygon. No chlordane usage was noted. NOTE: levels are recorded with less than signs while "non-detectable" levels are recorded with asterisk and less than signs. Mass and concentrations values rounded off to the nearest tenths. l~lo ^
and not encased in concrete.
"Trace"
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 3 of 49
TABLE 1-3 TWO-HOUR LIVING ROOM AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 26-27 MARCH 1975 FROM LANGLEY AFB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING
C
Descrlpt-
u/,L.
1^1
24
176
^i\
Number Julian Dote Sequence Wonae. No. "Coll. (75) Mo. Designator
Sample
Chlordane
Air Volume
Chlordane
Mass in Sample
wncencracion
Sampled(L)
(ug)
i-Trace >Trace
,J?
^^h Lan^ey^ CY ^/ 66/
ry
l^
4<2)
5
.6
2 3
7
8 9
85 85 85 85 85 85 85
1852
^ 1862 1866
1867 1867 1884 1893 1854 1855 1856 1882 1885 1901 1904 1906 1855 1878 1911 1913 1918 1919 1922
BL EL FL DL AL DL AL
CL CL CL
85
86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86
^ngley/
CY 70/
10 11 12 13
3.00
DL CL
DL DL
CL CL
K^
15 16 ^7
18 19 20 21
Ih.
Lanelev/ Lanelev/
CTft^ih
r?
,1,
176
100
AL DL DL
CL DL DL CL
70/
/'
^
,b
\
176
Lanele?/
CY66/ /
-( Langley/
CY70/lb
100
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
'86
86 86 86
346 378 374 362 365 371 355 358 390 384 381 371 368 362 362 358 394 362 352 352 362
358
*^0.2 *<0-2 *^0.2 *<0.2 *^0.2 *-< 0.2
*-=0.6 * "'5 *^0.5 * --0.6 * <0.5 *<0.5 *< 0.2. *-&0.6 *< 0.2 *-c0.6 *< 0.2 *<0.5 *< 0.2 *<0.5 *-^ 0.2 *^ 0.5
*-'0.2 *<0.5 <0.5 -<0.:2
<0.2 -^0.2 ^.2 -C0.2 <0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.2 <0.2 <0.2 -^0.2
-'0.2 0.3 <0.2
-<0.6 ^0.6 <0.6 -^0.5 -cO.6
1.4 0.9 0.6
3,4
8686 86 86 86 86 86
1922 1859.
1890 1891 1892 1903 1912
DL
CL
BL AL
CL
BL BL
352 355 403 394 358 355 346 342
0.6 <0.6 <0.5 ^0.5
-<0.6
A
^
0.9
*<0.2 *<0.6
<0.6
Subcontractocsfor the precreatment termite control are unknown. There has been no termite treatment by Civil Engineering contract since completiong of construction of these houses.
Building specifications reuqired use of 2.02 chlordane solution applied at rate of 1 gal/ 10 ft2 on final subgrade before gravel fill, 2 gal/5 lineal feet along outside of all foundations,inside foundation wall, under all interior construction joints, and around all utility service entrances. Occupants* use of pesticides was limited to non-chlordane containing compounds.
Samples 1 through 8 were collected during a relatively warm day (55-6QOF). The remainder of the samples were collected during a cold day (30-40 F) Sub-slab ducts encased in concrete in gravel fill., ,,,.,i,i.-*' i^r^i^ levels NOTE: "Trace" levels are recorded with less than signs while non-detectable and less than signs. are recorded with asterisk Mass and concentration values are rounded off to nearest tenths. (1) This was a single story house. All other houses were two story(bi-levels) (2) Accumulations of water were noted in heating ducts of these houses.
1-19
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 4 of 49
TABLE 1-4 TWO-HOUR LIVING ROOM AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 28 MARCH 1975 FROM PEASE AFB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING^)
Ch;Lordame
Sanip Ie Nuinber
Julian
Tre;itmenit
Last
Dace
s equence
aal
165 1
220
%
1.0
No.
House Date Coll.(7;5)~ No. "Dessignator
Chlordane Mass Air Volume in Sample S amp ledi(L) (^ig)
Chlordiane Concentration
(ug/Ki3) ^Trace 5Trace
C
7/73 2/73 9/73 2/73 4/75 .7/74 3/72 4/72 4/72 9/73 2/73 7/71 7/71 1/75 12/73 6/69 6/73 5/73 9/72 8/74 8/72 -2/73 1/72 1/72 5/74 4/71 4/71 6/73 3/72
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0
1.0
200 220 200
1 2 3 4 5 6
20'0
250 200 240
200
7
8 9 10
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0
275 275
225 110
11 12 13 14
15 16
600
250 2
17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87" 87 87
87
^(l) 802'17
802 802 802 806 807 807 807 830 830 833 833 835 835 852
865'1'
765 765 760 760
759
865/,v
82P 01 P 03P 05P 07P 25P 28P 30P 32P 03P 05P 18P 20P 27P 29P 25P 84P 80P
1.0 ^50 1.0 165 1.0 150 1.0 .200 1.0 250 1.0 250 1.0 150 1.0 56 1.0 56 2.0 200 1.0 1
87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87
118P 114P
097P
103P
090P
759 737 737 737
655/,)
657'
086P 012P 016P 014P 062P 065P
394 387 378 374 371 371 371 397 397 400 394 358 352 349 330 394 381 381 390 381 346 342 358 416 416 403 403 397 384
1.0
0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 ^0.2 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.4 ^0.2
2.5 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.1
<0.5
1.1 1.8 0.5 1.0
0.5
0.7
.0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 <0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1
2.0 1.1 1.4 0.6
^0.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.4 1.2
1-2 1.4
0.7 1.2 <0.5
(
/
0.5 0.5 2.9
(*}pease/
CY 58/_2^. Of the 37 houses available, all were two story units. (1) These houses, as shown by the gallons of ehlordane solution used, were only spot treated by sub-slab injection. All sub-slab pressure treatment done by Base Entomology. of house salnple number 2 stated hat his house had never been Pressure in-
^^^nt
OutsideaLr temperature was less than 40F during collection of all samples.
All occupants reported that their use of pesticides had been limited to use of non-chlordanes
Additional note: Within the past six years almost all the above houses have received spot treatments of one to three galls of 0.5% Diazinon, particularly within the past three v-.ars when almost all the houses received an annual Diazincn spot treatment ^for pests. NOTE: "Trace" levels are recorded with less than signs while "non-detectabie levels are recorded with asterisk and less than signs. Mass and concentration values.are rounded off to nearest tenths,
Sub-slab ducts are S$ in concrete slab and
'5
in gravel fill.
1-20
/
^
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 5 of 49
TABLE 1 TWO-HOUR LIVING ROOM AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 31 MARCH-2 APRIL 1975 FROM OFFUTT AFB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING^*)
Descrlpt. S House Date of Ava ^,Seauence Coll (75) No. Designator No. HmmM -ah! Sample Number Julian
Chlordane
Air Volume
Chlordane
Concentration
Mass
in Sample
(uft/M-)
Sampled (L)
(^ig)
^Trace >Trace
Offutt/
FY 63/
247
1
2
-lb
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
90 91 92 92 91 92
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Offutt/ FY 72/
91 91 91 91 91
91 91 90 91 91 91 90 90 92 90 91 90 91 91 91 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
l.1 0
J^.
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
34
<0.2 Con t'd next page KOTE: "Trace" levels are recorded with less than signs while "non-detectable" levels are recorded with asterisk and-less than signs. Mass and concentration values are rounded off to nearest tenths.
Samples 43-91 through 48-91 are significantly less than a two-hour sample (i.e., range of 74-90 minutes) due to an unexpected power outage in the MFH area.
All sampled houses were two storv.
35 36 37 38 39 40
2705 Beale C1r 2708 Beale C1r 2731 Beale C1r 2743 Beale C1r 2749 Beale C1r 2754 Beale Cir 2759 Beale C1r 11917 McCoy 2714 Pease 2737 Pease 2738 Pease 2742 Pease 2750 PeasA**) 12122 S. 26 St 12148 S. 26 St 12107 S. 25 Ave 12111 S. 25 Ave 12135 S. 25 Ave 12103 S. 27 Ave 11916 S. 28 Ave 11927 S. 28 Ave 11933 S. 28 Ave T1944 S. 28 Ave 12121 S. 28 St 12142 S. .2S St 12187 S. 28 St 2954 Holloway 2960 Holloway 2962 Holloway 2964 Holloway 3001 Holloway 3003 Holloway 3009 Hotloway 3015 Holloway 3018 Holloway 3019 Holloway 3023 Holloway 3035 Holloway 3108 Holloway 3115 Holloway
371 365 400 403 371 416 365 374 358 .365 387 403 387 358 390 362 390 378 390 381 355 352 362
*<0.2 *<0.5 <0.2 <0.5 * <0.2 * <0 5 ^0.2 <0.5 ^0.2 <0.5 ^0.2 <0.5 * <0*2 *<0.5 <0.2 ^.0.5 40.2' ^0.6 ^0.2
*<0.2 *<0.6
<0.2
<0.2 <0.2 <0-5
1 1
410 378 410 381
390 387 381 381 371 368 365 371 394 394 381 381 384
<0.5
<0.5
^ ^
<0.2
<0.2 -<0.2 0.2 0.2 <0.2
<0 5
<0.5
<0.5 <0 5
^O^ * <0 5
<0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
<0.5 <0.5 4).2 ^0.5 ^Q.2 *<0 5
<0.5 <0.5 -CO.5 <0.5 <0.5
V*4^ote:
fl?
1-21
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 6 of 49
TABLE 1-5: cont'd TWO-HOUR LIVING ROOM AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 31 MARCH'S APRIL 1975 FROM OFFUTT AFB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING
Descript. Nc Avaj of
Sample Number Julian
House
Houses
Off utt/'
^<^pnco nare No. "Coll, (75) abl[e
1^20
No. "Designator
Chlordane Mass in Sample Sampled(L) (ug)
Air Volume
Chlordane
Concentration
^P/K ). 1 Trace >Trace
FY 72/
^
b
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
91 92 91 91 91
11964 12010 12011 12015 12107
91 91 91
92 92 92 92 92 92 90 90
12112 12119 12122 12125 12207 12120 12127 12122 12141 11910 11952
29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 32 32
Ave Ave Ave Ave Ave Ave Ave Ave Ave Ave St St
St St St St
320 326 288 282 269 256 250 238 400 422 394 422 416 419 387 387
40.6 <0.6 0.7 <0.7 ^0.7 0.8 * 0.8 *^-Q.2 * <0.8 <0.2 .0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 ^0.5 ^0.2 ^0.2 -^0.5 <0.5 0.2
-<0.2 -<0.2 -<0.2 0.2 <0.2 <0.2 *^0.2
^0.2 *^0.5
<0.2
^0.5
Additional notes taken during sample collection: Samples with sequence numbers 1, 7, 18,19,and 23 were collected during relatively warm weather conditions and the windows and doors of these houses were open. Outside temperatures were less than 30F during collection of all other samples.,.,,-, Sarnpl(R)8 with sequence numbers 27 through 56 were collected from the n 72/lb houses which were built by the same contractor as the Vright-Patter son AFB New 500 houses. These Offutt houses have not .yet been occupied but the heat has been on in them all during the 74-75 winter.
(^
Except as noted below for the house with sample sequence number 13,
occupants reported they had never used any pesticides (See footnote ^**) at bottom of this page).
all housing
that contained chlordane.
Sub-slab ducts of both housing groups were completely encased in concrete in the gravel fill.
NOTE:
are recorded with less than signs while "non-detectable" levels are recorded with asterisk and less than signs. Mass and concentratiorr values are rounded off to nearest tenths.
"Trace" levels
(***^The
occupant reported that they had recently applied an abundance of commercially obtained chlordane within their quarters for pest control.
1-22
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
TABLE 1-6
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 7 of 49
TWO-HOUR LIVING ROOM AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 3 APRIL 1975 FROM MT HOME APB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING
Saniple Nuniber Chloicdane -; Descrij?t* TrealCment Sequ- Julian House of .a*sr No. snce Date Gal No.C;oll.(751) No. Des ignator Date Houses
Chlordarie
Air
Mass
^
in Samp]Le Volume Sampled (L) ()ig)
1 (^f^) ^Trace >Trace
Chloirdane Concciitration
(1) (1) (1) (1) (I) (1)
10'/74
4/70
(1)
3/70 7/69 275 3/70 50 80 4/70 5/70 35 2/70 35
10/71 10/69 7/70 2/75 8/69
30
18 300 80
210 55 1+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12
38^++ 13
93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93
4216 4242 4263 4264 4269 4269 4313 4321 4432 4447 4223 4540 4542
FM
AM BM AM FM EM BM FM BM BM AM AM BM
374 378 353 358 362 3Z4 387 348 313 368 293 342 362
0.6
1.6
^0.2
0.3 0.3 ^0.2
^0.5
0.8 0.8
^0.6
<0.6 <0.5
^0.2
<0.2 ^0.2
-<0.6 *-<0.2 *<0.6 <0.2 ^0.5 1.2 *^0.2 *<0.6 <0.2 <0.6
4.1
(1) The available Mt. Home/late 50's group were all two story units(bi"1eve1 houses) (2) The available Mt. Home/FY 60 group were a11 all single story.
Chlordane treatment in all these houses was by sub-slab pressure Injections and none of these houses was ever pretreated. Exceptional notes were as follows: + This treatment was applied to the baseboards, and available records do not show this house to have received any other chlordane treatment within the past six years. ++ This house also received a one gallon baseboard treatment with chlordane during Feb 1975.
All sub-slab pressure treatment done by Base Entomology Shop. Treatment was usually done on only one or two rooms of the house as indicated by the volume of chlordane used. Air samples were collected from the room, or one of them, that had been so treated. All housing occupants reported they had never used any pesticides that contained chlordane.
Ambient ai-r temperatures were between 45 and
55F
during sample collection.
Sub-slab ducts are completely encased in vermiculite concrete beneath the slab. Encasement is in the gravel fill.
NOTE:
are recorded vith less than signs while "non-detectable" levels recorded with asterisk and less than signs. Mass and concentration values are rounded off to nearest tenths.
"Trace" levels
are
1-23
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 8 of 49
TABLE 1-7 TWO-HOUR LIVING ROOM AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED 21-23 APRIL 1975 FROM HILL AFB MILITARY FAMILY HOUSING 0)
Description of douses
Ba^p-
^r. of
i-ra^l
Sample Number chlordaneSeq- Julian House P.Ttt^, n^n^ Dace
Chlordane
Air Volume
Mass in Sample
Chlordane Concentration
ment
Space
Treaty2)
No. Coll.(75)
No.
Designator
Sampled(L)
^Trace >Trace'
*<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.6
*<0.5
,,,
All single story houses built 62-63
x x
269
270
x
x x
271
'69
272 273 274
275 276
111 111 111 111 111
1U 111 111
B3307
AH
384
x x x
x
*69 '69
281
282
x
x x x x
283 284 285
112 112 112
112
x
x
'72 '69
286
x
x
x x x x x
,<->
287 288 289 290
291
112 112 112 112 112 112
U3
f .x
'72
'69
V
292 293 -294 295
296
113 113 113 113 113
B3307 B3305 B3313 B3313 B3219 B3219 B3309 B3213 B3213 B3215 B3215 B3217 B3217 B3241 B3239 B3239 B3309 B3184 B3184
B3186
BH BH AH EK AH BH
AH
AH
384 360 384 384
*<0.2 *<0.2
*<0,2 *<0,2
384
336
BH
AH BH
AH
BH
AH BH AH BH AH BH BH AH BH
BH
384 384 384 384 384 384 384 384
360
*<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2 *<0.2
Broken
*<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.6 *<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.5
*<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.5
*<0.5
*<0.5 .*<0.6
B3305 B3217 B3241
Sanpie 384 -384 384 384 384 384 312
*<0.2 *<0.2
*<0.2
*<0.2
*<0.2 *<0.2
<0-2
*<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.5 *<0.5 <0.6
(,
(1) Base records verified that Chlordane or heptachlor had never been used to treat' sanpled houses during construction in CT62/63^ during any subsequent pressure injections into the buildings, or ly Civil Engineering or contractor applied spraying inside the quarters. Civil Bigineering explication of pesticides inside the quarters since 1969 has been lindfr.Fri to 0,5% Diazinon in only seven of these houses. All occupants denied having ever used any chlordane pesticides in the sanpled houses* Occupant pesticide use had been limited to vapona strips, Raid Insect Spray, Raid Itoach and Ant Killer/ Raid Itouse and Garden Spray, and Pyrethums. (2) Chlordane was used in exterior yards, outside windowsills and door entrance ways, and lawn scrubs during the years indicated. Chlordane solution was prepared fcy diluting a 72% water enulsifiable chlordane corv^ntrate to 1.0% solution Which was applied at a rate of about 1 gallon/1000 ft^. ^CTE; "Trace" levels are recorded with less than signs while "non-detectable" levels are recorded with asterisk and less than signs. Mass ard concentration values are rounded off to nearest tenths.
1-24
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 9 of 49
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 10 of 49
Detailed Statistics and Distribution of Airborne
Chlordane Concentrations ty Source (s) of AF MFH
Units from Sanpled AP Bases
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 11 of 49
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
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Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
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PfCtM ProfribfHty (iul To Or Less Thin
Figure 2-3b Distribution of Chlordane Concentrations Above Trace in Pressure Injected Two Story AF MFH for Combined Source (s)
2-10
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
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PTCMt Prott>lHty f(tul To Or
Ltis Trin
Figure 2-3a Distribution of Chlordane Concentrations Above Trace in Pressure Injected Two Story AF MFH for Each Source
2-9
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-17
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Page 22 of 49
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
USAF OCCUPATIONAL AKD EHVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LABORATORY (AFSC) BROOKS AIR FORCE BASE. TEXAS 78235
ELYTO
2 APR 1979
^7SK
SUBJECT:
^ Chlordane Contam-ination
AFMSC/SGPA
in
Wherry Housing, Scott AFB IL
TO.
This Laboratory's report on chlordane sampling at Scott AFB IL from 14-19 January 1979 is attached for your information and necessary action
^^^^
Commander
1 Atch Report
^.
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Chlordane Contamination in Wherry Housing Scott AFB IL
In October 1S78, residents of a base housing unit (5543B) at Scott-AFB IL detected a strong, objectionable odor when they activated the central heating unit for the first time during the heating season. A short time later, civil engineering personnel working in a"then unoccupied unit (5020E) also noticed an odor. It was noted that'both units had recently been treated for termites by high pressure subslab injection of chlordane.
Environmental -Healthy Services personnel.obtained air'samples from both units'and submitted them to USAF OEHL-for'chlordane analysis.''
Analysis of'~tlie -two samples showea''h^gh-airborne concentrations of chlordane in quarters 5543B (490 pg/M3) and in 5020E (70 pg/M3). Sampling the same units a.second time indicated 630 pg/M3- in 5543B and" 260 pg/M3 in 5020E. Subsequent sampling of 11 houses treated :in 1978 revealed concentrations from- less than the analytical detection 1imit"'{l pg/M3)* in several units to a high of -51 pg/M3 in quarters 5232A.
At the request of AFMSC/SGPA, USAF OEHL conducted a survey during 14-19 Jan 79 to further define the concentrations of chlordane in t^e' 1978 treated houses. Additionally, sampling was performed to statistically estimate background levels of chlordane for the'Wherry'housing complex i'-'at Scott AFB IL.
Materials and Methods
Houses chosen for sampling were divided into two groups
those treated for termites in 1978 and those treated prior to 1978. Eleven available houses that had been treated in 1978. ye re sampled while 43 randomly selected houses from the prior to 1978 treated group were sampled. Two houses- thai had no history of subslab'-chlordane treatment were-sampled to serve as controls. Also the quarters directly above 5543B' (5543D) and 5020E (5020G) were sampled to determine 'if chlordane was .-being introduced into those quarters... ;; ;/ '.''. .: ..'-,'
The basic sampling train consisted of an electric Millipore vacuum pump with a sampling tube containing Chromosorb^ 102 as the collecting medium. Chromosorb tubes consisted of 200.mg of Chromosorb 102 capped with-anhydrous-sodium sulfate in a 7:?^asteur pipette.-pluggecrwith glass wool.-""'The-Chromosorb tubes were connected'to the pump^by a small-piece of Tygc^ tubing ."'" Flow rates were..measured using a Rrec^siop''T6tbmete^ after-the pump'.was-turned on and again -immediately 'ppor. to completion of the^SBmple^ln instances when thef-s was a drop i-p'flow rate-, the bes-inning and end-ing flow rates were averaged to give a mean^f-low^ The range pf flow-rates in this survey was 2.7-4.5 liters per-minute'.''
^
.
In the'unoccupied units. (5543B and 5020E), the pumps were located in the approximate "center of the living room'on the floor. IP all other units, the pump was located on the floor within 2 ft of' one of the living room or dining room heating vents depending on which was more teasels considering the occupants' furniture location. The sampling'tube inlet ..; .'' :,,; *See Attachment 1
.^ / (/^A /
-//
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was always located approximately 6" above the floor. Normal room temperature of about 70-75F was maintained during the sampling period. Outside air temperatures ranged from -SOF to 41oF during the week sampling was accomplished.
All 1978 houses were sampled utilizing two consecutive 4 hr samples except 5543B which had a total of five samples taken," 5020E which had four and 5019B which had only a single 2 hr sample taken.- Thpse houses treated prior to 1978 and the untreated controls were sampled'wHh a single'2 hr sample. The time^f day that the sample was taken was dependent on the availability of the occupant tp'^Droyide entry'authorization
-"
Sampling precision was measured in quarters 5543B and 5020E. In 5543B, two sets of matched samples and one'high volume sample'were taken. The sets of matched samples were run for four hours. The' single .^igh volume sample'was run for approximately five hours. In 5020E, two sets'of matched samples, were taken with a duration of approximately 5'hr for one ,' set and 4 hr for the second.
Results
-.
Verification of sampling precision in the unoccupied quarters (5543B and 5020E) using different flow rates indicated the sampling technique was relatively precise (Table 1). The mean concentration determined by 5 samples in 5543B was 263.48 +/- 34.88 pg/M3 with a range-of 208.59 to 292.02. In 5020E, the mean of four samples was 25.6 +/- 6.87 with a range of 16.35 to 31.87. These results indicate that variability due to sampling technique and analysis was approximately 13-27%. Duplicate 4 hr samples in-:1978 treated houses often showed temporal differences in concentration but those differences were not consistent.
Of a11 housing units sampled, 53 out of 60 had airborne chlordane concentrations above trace (detection limit was 0.02 pg/M3) as shown in Table 2. The untreated controls had no detectable level of chlordane. The range of chtordane concentrations above trace was 6.42 vg/M^to
2-5.3.48^/1^.
;'.
.' ."
-*:.::
-..
When housing units were categorized by year-of treatment, statistical analysis using the Mann Whitney test indicated a*significant-difference The (P=.p5) between 1978 treated units and. those treated prior were found in-the 1978'treated units'with four til ghest concentrations only two units having concentrations less than l'6 pg/M3. This.contrasts with other single year groups where adequate .samples were taRep'.'to make comparisons. For example- the 1973 treated houses that .were sampled had chlordane concentrations ranging from'.a- high of-^^'pg/M3 tp^a'tow of .0.6 pg/M3. In 1970 treated houses, the high concentration wS,4.'58 pg/'M3 and three houses had "less than the quantitative detect! ori limit
to'.i?7?.
(0.02 yg/M3).
.;,_:. ;...
;
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Table 1.
Sampling
precision as measured in unoccupied quarters 5543B and 5020E.
Sample Number
1 (5543B) 2 (5543B)
Flow Rate (Jl/min)
'Time (mm)
240 240 292
Concentration
(pg/M3)
(5543B) (5543B) 5 (5543B.)
3 4
2.9 2.6 4.3 2.8 2.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5
222 222
292.01 208.59 268.62 293.96 254.24
6 (5020E)' 7 (5020E) 8 (5020E) 9 (5020E)
'300
.300 260 260
29.60 31.87 16.35 24.68
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Table 2.
Concentration of airborne chlordane-in Wherry housing at Scott AFB IL arranged by year of treatment/
Concentration
Year
1978
Quarters
5543B 5020E 5445A 5534F 5220B 5019B 5232A 5112B 5301B 5521B 5026A 5112E 5114E 5126B
(ug/M3)
Year
1972 1971
Quarters
Concentration
(vg/M3)
1977 1976
5211E
1975 1974
1973
5317A 5116A 5033A 5110A 5517B 5136A 5226-A 5322A 5117A 5456A 5239A 5026E 5126E 5444B 5553B
263.48 25.63 22.44 22.30 4.81 4.58 4.53 -3.97 3.32 0.55 0.42 2.27 1.45 4.02 0.99 0.95 0.56 3.37 0.86 1.25 0.76 0.49 5.22a 3.69 2.99 1.73 1.69 1.62 1.31 0.69
1970
1969 1968
1966 1965
1964
Untreated
5013B 5142A 5519A 5033E 5311B 5462A 5470A 5546A 5425A 5426B 5146B 5466B 511SA 5109B 5414B 5474A 5473B 5436A 51255 5544A 5476E 5216B 5033B 5009B 5247A 5476F
i>uuyA
0.97 1.61 1.58 1.17 1.25 0.42 1.78 1.31 1.02 0.72 0.61
Te.
T T
7.41
3.08b
NDf
T. 1.16
0.72 0.62 4.14 0.67
mj
1.90 0.94 0.55
5117B
Upstairs
55430 5020G
T3.58C -0.57
a Unit family is now living in that had'previously lived.. in 5543B,
Unit family is now living in that had previously lived in 5020E,
c Unit above 5543B.
d
p
Uoit above 5020E.
T
tra:
^
pg/M3,
f ND
none detected .at a quantitative detection limit of 0.02
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By -us';ng- statistical tolerance limits, the maximum expected chlordane concentrations in the units treated prior to 1978 having concentrations above trace can be estimated with 95% confidence. For example 95S of all units treated prior to 1978 should have chlordane concentrations equal to or less than 5.68 ug/M3 and 99% should have concentrations equal to or less than 6.91 ug/M3.
of different ground level, units within the same building had no effect on concentrations in other ground "level units. For example, an untreated unit (5117B) had less than the quantitative detection limit while the adjacent unit (5117A) had 3.69 vg/M3. On the other hand, units directly above ground level .units with high concentrations had detectable levels of chlordane. Quarters.5020G had 0.57 ug/M3 and 5543D -..had 3.58 yg/M3 indicating that airborne chlordane in' a grounc^unit can influence the concentration of'chlordane in an upper unit. :'.
Treatments
"Discussion
used to avoid insertion of chlordane into heating ducts were 'not'adhered to. The high incidence (4/11) of unusually high chlordane concentration in units treated during this year indicates that whatever the alteration in treatment technique was, it was"done on a relatively routine-basis. AH chlordane applications in previous years resulted in- fairly yriifonr. airborne concentrations ranging from none detected to 7.41 yg/M3.
From these data. it appears that something occurred in 1978 that was different from previous years. A possible explanation"is that practices
The results of random sampling of the units treated prior to 1978 'suggest a 1% probability of any chlordane concentrations in excess of 6.91 yg/M3. However, the results of 1978 treated units indicate there is a high probability that the two 1978 treated-quarters not sampled-nay exhibit high chlordane concentrations.
Recommendations
.1.
Quarters 55438, 5020E. 5445A and 5534F should have the present heating ducts sealed, the quarters painted and the heat reducted. through above ground ducts. .' _' '. .:, /
Rationale: The airborne concentrations of chlordane in these units are .significantly hi.gher than concentrations, in an other units. The source -of the chlordane'is apparently the heating ducts. By sealing the present ducts-and reducting through above ground ducts, the source of contamination ;win be iso7ated_from the living area;-;'. .-
-;,r:
2.' Qu2r-t-rs 553SB and 5551S should be sampled for airborne chlordane.
Rationale: Since 4/11 of the 1978 quarters sampled had unusually high concentrations of chlordane. there is a high probability that- these two quarters will a1.so have- high chlordane concentrations.. ';.'.
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3.- No iTiore routine sampling of units treated prior to 1978 should be accomplished.
Rationale: Statistical evaluation of the sample data indicates that 99% of ths units should have airborne concentrations of chlordane at concentrations less than or equal to 6.91 pg/M3.
4.
The Civil Engineering Entomology Shop should closely evaluate their technique for high pressure subslab injection of termiticides.
Rationale: The clustering of high chlordane concentrations in 1978 indicates something was consistently wrong with the procedure used to treat those units'.
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(|9
Analytical Detection Limits Analytical detection limits are not fixed but vary depending on many factors. Instrument sensitivity is one of the most critical determinants of a detection limit. Priority of the sample is another factor that is involved. If several compounds are eluted in the sample extraction process, interference may occur that decreases the sensitivity of the gas chromatograph. Other factors are related to the sampling scheme. Larger volumes of air enable the gas chromatograph to detect smaller quantities of chlordane per cubic meter due to a greater mass of chlordane adsorbed to the sampling medium.
As a result of the different methods of calculating a detection limit, i.e., mass basis vs concentration basis, several different detection limits are referred to.
Attachment 1
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON. O.C. 20460
OCT 0 6 1980
OFFICE OF riANNiNG AND MANAGEMENT
Honorable Abraham Ribicoff
Chairmany Committee on Governmental Affairs United States Senate Washington, D. C. 20510
Dear Chairman:
On August 5, 1980, the General Accounting Office (GAO) issued its-letter report to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) entitled "Meed For A Formal Risk/Benefit Review of the Pesticide Chlordane," CED 80-116.
The Agency agrees with GAO's finding that there is cause for concern about the use of chlordane for termite control in
^^f
/-^^
some treated structures. Exposure from the use of chlordane in termite control was not anticipated at the time .of the 1978 settlement agreement which cancelled most other uses of this chemical. The exposure problem that the report describes -seems to pertain to specific types of structures and treatment practices. We agree that. EPA needs to reevaluate this use of chlordane with a view to possible regulatory action to reduce or eliminate the potential health risks to residents of treated buildings. As required by section 236 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, we are submitting this statement of our response to the report's recommendations.
GAP Recommendation
That EPA initiate a formal risk/benefit review of chlordane to determine whether the pesticides registered for subsurface termite uses should be limited or canceled* Also that EPA should work with the Departments of Housing and Urban Development and Health and Human Services to determine the potential for adverse effects in homes already treated with chlordane.
We do not think that a rebuttable presumption against registration (RPAR) review of chlordane as suggested by GAO is the most appropriate response to the problem they have identified. Although chlordane is the single roost widely used
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termiticide
chemicaly many other compounds are registered foi; this use, some of them quite similar to chlordane in terms of
chemistry/ known health effects, and regulatory history* Exactly the same problem now identified for chlordane could occur, or may already be occurring, for one or more of these other compounds, if they are applied to the types of structure GAO describes.
Accordingly, we propose to undertake a comparative risk/benefit analysis of the registered fcermiticide chemicals as a group. This "cluster" approach is a more efficient use of Agency resources than chemical-by-chemical RPAR processing, and it will lead to a regulatory position which addresses the problem in its full scope rather than piecemeal. The project will identify those termiticide chemicals requiring further regulatory action, and it will have gathered most of the data needed to pursue such actions quicklyEPA proposes to initiate this project early in FY 1981, and Information on structural to complete it during FY 1981, and use patterns will be solicited from treatment practices Coordination will be necessary the pest control industry. between EPA and other agencies affected by this issue, including the Departments of Defense, Housing and Urban Development, Health and Human Services, and Labor (OSHA). We will initiate meetings with all these affected parties so that we can approach the problem with a concerted effort.
If you desire further information or comments, on this subject, .please let us know,
Sincerely yours,
n
-^
/;-
William Drayton, Jr. Assistant Administrator for Planning and Management
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cedure. The divergent residual behavior ofTrithion on and in citrus fruits
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determined by the two analytical methods may be due to either the accessory materials or to the chemical alteration oi" Trithion. Studies of the nature of Trithion residues are indicated. The half-life values for Trithion residues on citrus, determined by either analytical method, are of intermediate longevity in comparison with the residual behavior of many other acaricides and insecticides (2, 3).
Degradation and Persisting Half-Life Values (in Days) for Residues of Trithion on and in Peel of Field-Treated Lemons and Navel Oranges
frvtt
Dosage, ib./ TOO Go). WotW
DygradaHon Half-Ufa ColonTotal
mlne
Colefimwtric
Persisting Half-Ufe Total
ehlorido
ehtoricSv
Lemons
6 25% W.P. 24 ounces B.C.
25% W-F. 3 25% W.P.
25% W.P.
8
6
6 9
13
21 20 23 21 41 37 38 37
16 14 15 43
Navel oranges
3
Literature Cited
6 24 ounces E.C. 21 W.P. Wettable powder analyzed by colorimetric procedure to be 21.7% Trithion. E.C. Emulsifiabic concentrate analyzed by colorimelric procedure to be 3.28 Ib.
25% W.P. 25% W.P.
,16
16 16
42 45 35 45
Trithion/gal.
concentrate.
(1) Carman, G. E., unpublished data,
1956.
(2) Guniher, F. A., Blinn, R. C.,
"Analysis of Insecticides and Acaricides," Interscience, New York, 1955.
(3) Gunther, F. A., Blinn, R. C., Ann. Rev. Entomol. 1, 167-80 (1956). (4) Jeppson, L. R., Jesser, M. J-, Complin, J. 0., J. Econ. Entomol. 50, 307-10 (1957). (5) Paichett, G. G., "Determination ofR-1303 Spray Residues in Oranges,
Lemons,
and
Alfalfa,"
Stauffer
Chemical Co., Richmond, Mimco., May 16, 1956.
Calif.,
Received for review May 16, 1958. Accepted October 73.1958. Paper No. 1051, University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, Calif. The pesticide chemicals discussed tolerance has been may not be used unless tablished exemption from the requirement of tolerance has been granted for each specific use, irrespective of the information contained in this reporS.
Elapsed Days
Figure 4.
Residual behavior of Trithion on and in peel of citrus fruit
Navel
orangai
of
0 Lemon*
Both iprayed with 24 ouncel of emuliinable concentrate formulation of Trithion/100 gal- water, determined by fotal chloride method
INSECTICIDE VAPORS IN AIR
M. A. MALINA, J. M. KEARNY, and P. B. POLEN,
Velsicol Chemicaf Corp,, Chicago 11, til.
Determination of Chlordan in Air of Habitations Treated for Insect Control
A method was developed for the detection and analysis of microgram quantities of chlordan that might be present in the air of homes treated for insect control. Techniques for sampling the air and subsequent concentration and analysis are described. Concentrations lower than 0.005 p.p.m. can be measured. Assays of air samples collected in homes commercially treated for termite control ore given.
WHEN
chlordan.
CHEMICALS are used for the control of household pests, the question arises whether vapors of the insecticide may be present in the air of the treated home. A method for the detection and determination of micro quantities of chlordan vapor in air was developed in order to answer this question in the case of the insecticide,
Reagents
n-Butyl alcohol, reagent grade n-Fcntanc, colorimetric grade, Philips Petroleum Co. Methanol, 99% reagent grade FIorisil, 60/100 mesh (Floridin Co.) dried for 24 hours at 130 C. Potassium hydroxide pellets, reagent
grade
Sodium sulfate anhydrous powder, reagent grade Chlordan, reference grade (Velsicol Chemical Corp., Chicago, 111. Diethanoiaminc (Union Carbide Chemicals Corp.) purified by distilling 1 liter at
pressure of 20 mm. of mercury. The first 100 ml. of distillate is discarded and the next 100 ml. is collected. l.OA' potassium hydroxide in mcthanol Meihanol-watcr solution, 90% methanol Modified Davidow reagent, 2 parts of l.OA'' mclhanolic potassium hydroxide, 1 part of dieihanolamine, 9 parts of meihaaol by volume (6)
a
Apparatus
described in Air-sampling traps, Figurcl FIowmcter, Fischcr Porter, No. 2-F-l/
.4-20-5/35
The air from five homes commercially treated for residual control of termites was analyzed. It was sampled to 6 montns subsequent to application.
30
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Vacuum pump, Sargent, S-71270 Chromatographic column, 50-ml. Mohr buret Spcctrophotometcr, Bcckman DU (Beckman Instruments, Co., Fullerton, Calif.), fitted with a special microccll carriage (PyroceII Manufacturing Co., New York
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28,N.Y.)
Microcuvettes, quartz microcells, 1.5 X 10 X 25 mm., 0.375 ml. (Pyroccll Manu-
facturing Co.) Hot water bath, thcrmostated at 50 C., with provision to support 250-ml, Erien. meyer flasks immersed to a depth of 2 cm. Hot water bath, 40 C., with provision for supporting micro reaction tubes Reaction bath, oil bath theniiostaticuHy controlled at 100" C., with provision for
support of micro reaction tubes Micro reaction tubes, Figure 2,A ("Walter
30cm.
Figure 2.
Special micro equipment
Podbieloiak, Inc., Chicago, 111.) Micro transfer filter pipet. Figure 2,5
A. Reaction tube B. Filter-pipet auembly
Procedure
Sample Collection,. Tocach ofthe two traps are added 30 ml. of n-butyl alcohol
and then the apparatus is assembled as shown in Figure 3. The vacuum pump is started and the flow rate of the air drawn through the traps is set by adjusting the bleeder valve, at 5 liters per minute. The air is drawn through the solvent traps until 1000 liters of air h.:ivc been sampled (200 minutes). The vacuum pump is stopped and the butyl alcohol from the two traps is combined in a tightly stoppered glass bottle. Pentanc Extraction. The combined solvent from ihe traps is poured into a 500-ml. separaiory funnel. n-Peniane (100 ml.) is added to the funnel and the contents are swirled to effect solution. The pentane solution of the alcohol is washed with seven to eight 200-ml. portions of distilled water to remove the butyl alcohol. Gentle swirling of the water with the pentane is sufficient to effect an extraction and will prevent emulsification- When all the alcohol has been removed from the pentane, the pentane is transferred to a 250-ml. Ericnmeyer flask and dried by the addition of 5 to 10 grams of anhydrous sodium sulfate. The pentane is filtered or decanted from the sodium sulfate and concentrated to 10 ml. on the 50 C.
water
Figure 1. Air sampling trap
trated to 5 ml. on the 50 C. water bath. Colorimctric Determination. The concentrated elutriate is transferred to a micro reaction tube, evaporated to dryness on the 40 C. hoi water baih, and assayed by the method of Davidow (7), as modified in this laboratory ((?). The modified Davidow reagent (0.2 m!.) is added to the reaction-tube, and the tube is placed in an 100 C. oil bath for 15 minutes, and then cooled by placing in- abeaker of cold water- The reaction product is diluted to 0-5 ml. with 90%
Figure 3. Sampling
apparatus
methanol, filtered, and transferred to a microcuvette by use of the transfer pipet assembly, and its absorption at 550 rmi is measured. The absorption is converted to micrograms of chlordan
from a standard curve prepared _from reference grade chlordan as described.
Discussion of Method
Solvent Traps. The solvent, n-butyl alcohol, was chosen for use as the Trapping solvent after consideration of several factors. It was desired that the sampling apparatus be completely portable, so that an analyst could easily carry it to the site of testing. No refrigerant was desired. Thus the solvent must have a vapor pressure low enough so that bubbling 1000 liters of air through it would not vaporize excessive quantities of the solvent. At 20 C., 22 ml. of butyl alcohol will vaporize when 1000 liters of air are bubbled through it. This fact can be used in lieu of a flowmcter. A
nccted in scries to ensure complete trapping of the vapors. Pentane Extraction. The chlordan must be separated from the alcohol in which it is trapped. Concentration by merely evaporating the solvent is not acceptable, because losses of chlordan will occur due to codistillation. The use of only low boiling solvents is permissible. A pentane extraction followed by evaporation of pentane on a 50 C. water bath results in little or no losses of chlordan. The last traces ofalcohol must be removed, as well as small traces of water in the pen-
layer, or subsequent chromatographic separation may be affected.
tane
bath.
Chromatography.
of the pentane
Chromatography
necessary,
Chromatography. To the chromatographic column are added 10 grams of Florisil. The column is tamped gently with 3 wooden dowel as the Florisil is poured in. The adsorbant is wet down with pentane, allowing 25 to 50 ml. of the pentane to pass through the column. When the head of pentane just passes into the top of the column, the concentrated pentane solution of the sample is added to the top of the column. When the sample just sinks into the top of the adsorbant the sides of the column are washed down with 5 ml. of pentane. The column is then eluted with 200 mi. of pentane. The enure elutriate is collected in a 250-ml. flask and concen-
extract was
second demand of the solvent is that the trace quantities of chlordan be easily separated from it. Butyl alcohol can be quantitatively removed by water washing, In addition, the solvent must be readily available in a pure form. The trap is of such design as to give a maximum of contact time with a minimum of splashing. The bulbs prevent carry over of the liquid. Two traps are con-
because traces of contaminants present in the air (such as paint solvents in freshly dccoraied homesiies) interfered with the colorimetric procedure. Certain contaminants form yellow colors with the reagent and others prevent color formation. Co)orimetric Determination. The modified Davidow reagent is extremely sensitive and will form a pink-reaction product with as little as 5 f of chlordan. No material normally found in the air will react in this manner.
Sampling Efficiency. The efficiency of the air-sampling technique was studied by the use of two techniques:
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collcciio'n of air drawn through a chlordan saturation train, and collection of air samples inside a small closed chamber, the inner walls of which were heavily treated with cblordan. The air within the chamber was circulated by use of a fan placed within the chamber. The enclosed chamber and the chlordaji application used are shown in Figure 4.
Air was drawn through a saturation train filled with chlordan and then through the collection traps. At saturation, at 25 C., a concentration of 10 7 per liter was detected. Air samples of the circulating air within the closed chamber were collected after the air was allowed to equilibrate
Rgure 5.
termite control
Typical chlordan application
for periods ranging from 5 to 1020 minutes (Table I). The data indicate that chlordan vapors in air can be sampled effectively in this manner, and that when the air within the chamber is allowed to equilibrate for longer periods of time, higher concentrations of chlordan arc found.
The fact that chlordan vaporizes at an extremely slow rate is evident when, after 17 hours in a closed chamber, which has a high surface area-volume ratio, saturation ha
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