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(9
TABLE-II
.'
Distribution of Chtordane Residue on Walls and Ceilings
QUARTERS 57B*
.-/
Chlordane
Area
Residue Prior**
No.
1 2
Relative Location of Wiped
to Attempted Clean-up ,(micrograms per_sq ft)_
'3
4 5 6 7.
8 9 10 11
(A
12
13. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27
28 29 30 31 32
562 Living rm, rear wall (north wall), left corner " on left window. 25,900 7.400 "- rear door ",on right window 8,700 " on right window 1,500 rg^ wall, right corner -2,200 " East wait, left third 4,200 " " " right third 449 " 192 Front wall (south wall) left third *' " " " 211 " middle third " " " " 480 " right third " West wall, left third 499 " " " right third 653 686 ceiling, near north wall, left of left window " " " 1,500 above "left window " " " " right of left window 3,200 " " " left of right window 1,800 " 562 above right window. " " 499 Hallway wall, "left side of kitchen door " 125 right side of kitchen door 182 Bedroom adjacent to living room, east wall, left third 125 " " " " " " middle third -60*** " " " " " " right third " 79*** " south waTT, left third ". '" " 146 " " middle third " " right third 42 " " " " 81 " room side of door " " " ". " 82 " west-wall, left third " 66 " " middle third " " " " " 411 " " " right third " 871 " " " north wall, left third " " " left half of " " " 1,200 window
ii
"-
-
"
"
^
*A"n wall wipe samples taken approximately 4^-5 feet above the floor; all ceiling samples taken approximately l^-S feet from wall. **As measured 7 & 8 days after initial contamination. ***Man areas adjacent to crib. 1Wa11 areas adjacent to child's bed.
50
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(
TABLE,II (cont'd)
33
34
35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42
43
44
45 46 47 48 49 50
ti 53
54
55
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
68 69
'-
70
Bedroom adjacent to living room, north wall, right half .' of window 257 " ceiling near west waTi, left " " third 643 " middle third " 181 " right third " " " " 731ft ceiling above window " " " 288 " " above center of room " " 418 " " " " above crib 365 Master BR, East wait, on mirror on left closet door 1,700 on right closet door 85 " hallway door 648 southwall, left third 207 " mirror above dresser 245 " right third 395 westwa11, left third 85 " " middle third, above bed 122 " right third 223 " 451 northwsTI. left third " left half of window " 1,600 " " "80 right half of window ceiling above left half of window 1,200 " right half of window 247 11 " bed1,100 " " right side of dresser '543", " " left side of dresser 454 " middle third near east wall " 519 Lounge, east wall and closet door 208 " south wall, left corner 701 left half of window " 545 " " right half of window 1,200 ". " right third 547 ....:. " middle third of west wall '101 " north wa11. left third 62 " " middle third 174 right third " " 135 " ceiling above left half of window 208 " " " right half of window 324 -" " near east wait. left third 143. " northwest"quarter " 195
.
.
.
-'
"
.
...
ttCeiling above child's bed.
51
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TABLE
Bathroom watt above heater " wall above tub'
II'(contd)
Kitchen, east wall, left third middle third, on cabinet " ." right third, on door south wall above door on window west wall, left third on water dispenser ceiling, southeast comer
'
"
"
southwest corner center above hallway door
52
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TABLE III
/
Distribution.of Chlordane Residue on Walls and Ceilings
QUARTERS 53A*
N6,
Relative Location of Wiped Area
Chtordane Residue Prior to Attempted Clean-up (microqrams per sq ft)
320 196
1 2 3 4 5
6
Ki tchen, west wall, on cabinet door on ceiling, near north wait north wall, right side of door frame north wall, on v/indow Bedroom adjoining Ii ving rm, south wall, left window
11 11
ii ii
284
220** 2,000** 86** 67 88 202 39
"
"
*'
7
8 9 10 11 12 13
n n
"
n
" "light mid-ceiling Mastsr Bedroom, east wan, middle third " west wall, middle third n " north wan, left window
right window east wall, middle third west wall. middle third
14
15 16
."
112
153** 153** 70 1,400**
,**
right window " " mid- ceiling, next to tight'
17 18
Playroom & child's room, south wall, left window 11 " right window n east wa11 middle third n west waU, middle third, on closet door
1.100**
60
441
*AT1 waU wipe samples taken approximately 4^-5 feet above the floor; aU celling samples taken approximately 1^-2 feet from wall. **An windows in this house were washed twice by occupants with Windexbefore samples were taken.
/
53
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54
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c<
with.die.ldnn,, a similar cyclodiene insecticide.
3.
.-
The implications of this rapid sublimation effect are obvious.
As
long as any chlordane is being emitted from the ducts it will accumulate
on all exposed surfaces in the house.
This is an additional reason why
contaminated ducts have to be extremely well cleaned prior to rehabitation.
4.
This pattern of residues is similar in the other rooms of Qtrs 57-B
These data are tabulated in Table
as illustrated in Figures 3 through 8.
II.
Less detailed sampling was made of Qtrs 53-A because the consistency
of the .residues in Qfcrs 57-B (especially away from the heating registers)
indicated a general estimate of residue levels could be made without such
extensive sampling.
These data are presented in Table III fi Figure 1.
5.
Table IV is a compilation of the mean residues per square foot These data are not quan-
(A
found in the various rooms of Qtrs 57-B and 53-A.
titative measurements but merely indices of contamination.
All rooms were
substantially contaminated.
Chlordane contamination in Qtrs 57-B can be
master bedroom >
ranked by rooms:
living
lounge
^
kitchen.
The data indicate that Qtrs 53-A
had. similar levels
^
children's bedroom
of con-
lamination with the exception of the master bedroom, which appears to have
been less contaminated.
6.
It is interesting to. note that ranking the flow rates measured at
-
the registers
(Table I)
in Qtrs 57-B yields a comparison in some ways
similar to the contamination levels listed in Table IV.
received the most air and had the highest contamination.
The living room The kitchen and
the children's bedroom had the lowest residues and the lowest flow rates.
However, the "lounge had a flow rate almost double that of the master bed-
^
room (21 versus 12 cu ft/min) yet the master bedroom was substantially
55
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more contaminated than the lounge.
This inversion of contamination vs
flow rateiindicates a "higher content of chlordane in the duct of the
master bedroom than in the child's bedroom, the lounge or the kitchen.
This duct may have had chlordane introduced directly into it, or the
pesticide may have accumulated in it because of its pitch.
Table VI lists
the mean chlordane residues in the contaminated quarters.
D.
Chlordane Residues on Personal Possessions
"1.
Table V lists the chlordane residues found on objects in various
locations in Qtrs 57-B and 53-A.
items and their residues.
Figures 3 through 8 depict many of these
These data confirm the distribution patterns
They establish that items of
already established on walls and ceilings.
furniture were heavily contaminated.
The dry wiping technique undoubtedly
does not remove alt of the chlordane residues; therefore, residues
recov-
ered by this technique are lower than actually present.
2.
10 mg).
The rug sample consisted of six tufts of material (approximately-.
This sample indicates the rug to be extremely contaminated as
would be expected from its proximity to heating register ^2 (Fig 2).
3.
The wet wipe of the sofa recovered only a small percentage of the
chlordane actually present because the solvent on the cotton swab was absorbed by the sofa fabric and stuffing, carrying the pesticide away from the swab.
4.
The substantial residues within the closet, bureau and hutch,
This indicates extensive con-
indicates a penetrating fumigant effect.
tamination of all articles in the house; a fact substantiated by samples
taken 3, 5, and 6 Apr by Military Public Health personnel at Webb AFB.
These samples and their residues are listed in Table VI.
56
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CO
TABLE V
Chlordane Residue on Miscellaneous Surfaces*
Location of Object
Object
'
Area, Quantity, etc..
of Material Sampled
Chtordane
-Residue
"Qtrs
During Exposure
TV Console
Water Cooler
End Table
57B
" "
Liv Rm, east'wait
Kitchen, west wall
15 sq Inch on top, dry 413 wipe
15. sq inch, wet wipe
ug/ft32
171
91
83
L1v Rm
Liv Rm
15 sq inch, dry wipe
15 sq inch, dry wipe
6 fibers from rug area near window
End Table
"
Rug
Sofa Back
"
L1v Rm floor; sample
from NW corner
34 ug total
L1v Rm, South Wa'H over register
15 sq inch, wet wipe
91
ug/ft2
Q
Stuffed Toy
Shelf Shelf
Venetian Blind
"
BR, child's crib
.
5 doll hair fibers
,117 ug total
174 ug/ft2
122
Master BR closet
15 sq inch, wet wipe
" closet, front vedge " " "
Liv Rm, north wait
249.600
15 sq inch, sample from right draw panel 15 sq inch, dry wipe
Bureau Drawer
Dining Table
Master BR, in dresser
Liv Rm & Dining Area
145 62 52
60
Drinking Glass
53A
Liv Rm, in Hutch
Ki tchen
Pot (small) Pot (large)
A
Total inner&outer Surfaces Inner Surface
218 ug 78 ug**
65 ug**
Inner Surface
v-^
*As measured 9 days after initial contamination; prior to any dean .up attempts. **'These utensils had been washed twice by owner In a dishwasher before samples were taken. 57
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FtG.3
QUARTERS 57B
LIVING ROOM
0162
0211
(C)460
A
e**.i^9
f3zas
^(R)
^*
413
s
f 1.WATI HAU
e
1
/^
<27)6 0*ft
TV
0*1200
0^ ^
<; // /^ /^
'Inf/^fv.
H
312
\-4
22<(-
'"^^"^"^
E^3
0
(C)
B
6530
24 &,GOO
(C)2ZOO
t500
67 C 0
^
-*-60
<.t7e
7500 074. &0 fr236 U
25,900 5G2(R)
271 3470
0&6
(C)
0
SAMPLE T
ONE WASH WATER IS
A SAMPLE AFTER ONE-WASH WITH DETERGENT ANO WATEfi SAMPLE AFTER OME WASH WITH 20A SOLUTION OF METHANOL. AND WATER OVER SAME GENERAL AREAS
0-16C
^69
-0.
A
^
K
ft
>
WASHED ONCE WITH 40-^ KETHANOL.
A.ND WATER
WASHED TWICE WITH 40?i METHANOL AND WATER REAR OF SOFA Ot SIX TUFTS FROM PILE RUG
-^
(R)S6l
3<
(C)1800
02000C1100 1400 (C)3200(C)1500(R)6G6
E23
HEATING DUCT
B
58
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r-i^.-'T QUARTERS 57 B
BEDROOM (CHILD'S)
'
7 90
^
(C)146
8i(C)
42
A
(C)60
(C)62
CRIB
0 125
@
/^
/
BED.
(C)182
'^
B
\^
(C)66
V
V\\ i)
(C)41
ESS3
6>87
y
(C)Z57
(C)IZOO
\
.'
,'
W
/ A ^\
A
..-:
..
-..
--;
(C)365
(C)643
(C)418
(C)
162
(C)268
(C) 731
B
(C)
(C)
SAMPLE TAKEN BEFORE CLEANUP
FiBER FROM TOY iN
CRIB. 117
-^
\S2Q
FIBER FROM COAT IN CLOSET 17
HEATING DUCT
;.
59..
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FIG. 5
QUARTERS 57 B
MAST. BEDROOM
207(R)
3&5(C)
LEFT SIDE OF
MIDDLE DRESSER DRAWER 1450
L
648 (C)
^
DRESSER ON DRESSER MIRROR 245(C)JL
ON CLOSET DOOR (R) 80 0
(H
085
(C)123
BED
ON (L)
CLOSET DOOR
MIRROR 1700 (C)
yys^
Hi.
(C)223
B
SHELF INSt&E CLOSET I74(C)
FRONT EDGE
OF SHELF 12(C)
(C)60
(C)1500
(C)45j
A
0454
(C)543
(C)519
(C)1100
DIRECTLY OVER BED
(C)247
OIZOO
B
0
SAMPLE TAKEN BEFORE CLEANUP
60
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FIG.6 QUARTERS
57B
LOUNGE
700
^-
y<
0 (C)545
(R)i200
(C)54'7
A
^1900 ^^1300
ESSSi
(C)519 (C)630 H545 i 1700 13.
f
|
^
^m'wn >ii(itf((ilt|ti *>W*<^yt I"*,.
\^
|
/ DOOR 2080
CLOSET
'''//"
^^^
(C)174
.i"s
>1
f ^tf
(C)
101
^
f
i.tti*to""*m*iuit(
B
(C)62
(C)13 5
(C)189
^
i? te' 1^
KITCHEN DOOR
^3l\
0908
(C)l^O
(R)5t8.234
y
?778 ^2\6
0-609
o^215^! %'1-<
KtTCHEN SIOE
04)4
HULWAY WALL
A
(C) 20&
.
3240
(C)
SAMPLE TAK&N BEFORE CLEANUP
<
0
SAMPLE.TAKEN AFTER ONE SPRAY
WASH WITH 20<% METHA^OL AND
(C) 143
1950
WATER SOLUTION
B
^^>M
SAMPLE AFTER 2V/ASH AS ABOVE
SAMPLE AFTER SWASH AS
ABOVE
ONE WASH 50<% VINEGAR
^c
.61
ONE WASH. 40<5& METHANOL AND WATER
ESS HEATING DUCT
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FIG. 7QUARTERS 57
B
BATHROOM
m
l30(C)
(C)241
CEILING NOT SHOVm
(C)
SAMPLE TAKEN BEFORE CLEANUP
FRONT OF HOUSE CARPORT KITCHEN
EQP. RM
LOUNGE
BATH
HALLWAY
LIVING AND DiNtNG ROOM
CHILD'S
ROOM
MASTER BEDROOM
62
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HG.8
QUARTERS 57 B
KITCHEN
018S
233 (C)
REFR. DR
(C)
68.
ES2Z3
A
WATER
COOLiU7(C)
0
(R)@
(R)(R)j^)
STOVE
B
A
(C)127
0151
0)45
(C)83
B
0
SAMPLE TAKEN BEFORE CLEANUP
63
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TABLE VI
Chlordane Residues from Miscellaneous Protected Surfaces 3-6 April 1970
Object
fitrs,
57-B
Location During Exposure
Kitchen
Quantity & Type Sample
pg Chlordane
24.0.
Previous
"Cleaning
1
Plate
Total wet wipe
dishwashing
Cupboard
2
Plastic Glass
"
20.0
62.0
5.4
Kitchen Drawer
3 Metal Spoon "
4 Drinking Glass
-5
6
53-A
:1
Spoon
Plats
Ladle
-'
"
5.7
5.7
30
11
'-" Cupboard
11
7 Cooking
8 Small Pot 9 10
11
"
78
65
123.5 mg 4.3 mp 220 ug
Large Pot
"
Box Spring 57-B Underside of Ticking bed/M Bedroom
Blue Sweater Black
none
(1781 ppm)
0.00
11 12
"
Bureau/M
Bedroom
none
69.3 mg
1.6(23ppm) none
0.00
Sweater
13
Blue Knit
"
Closet/Chid's
room
:. 3.2
mg
14 Box Spring 53-A Child's Bed
Ticking
69.3 mg
3.7(53.3) none
65
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E,
Decontami nation Procedures
1.
Table VI
also demonstrates, that dishwashing provides inadequate
cleaning.and that dry cleaning appears a promising-method of decontaminating clothing.
Additional samples of dry cleaned clothes were analyzed
at a later date.
2.
Various methods of decontaminating painted walls and furniture and
waxed furniture were tested with limited success.
Table IX indicate:
The data presented in
a.
b.
Chlordane residues can be easily removed from glass surfaces.
Chem-i-san
Concentrate^ (and probably
other
detergents)
is an
inefficient chlordane decontaminant for walls.
c.
Methano'1^ water and vinegar-.water solutions gave fair removal
when scrub cloths were used.
Spraying and brushing 20% methanol:water
"solution gave consistently poor results.
d.
Increasing the methanol concentration to 40% increased perfor-
mance.
e.
Guardian Furniture Polish(R) gave very inconsistent results.
Chlordane is soluble in nonpolar solvents. such as waxes.
Therefore,
cleaning agents which leave wax residues simply redistribute the chlordane
in the wax.
Better results would be expected using a wax solvent.
Care
must be taken to select a solvent which will not damage-the underlying
finish. Melvin
(1974) reports that an isopropyi .(.20%
40%) alcohol
solution, because of a more favorable'partition coefficient, is a more
effective decontaminating solution than in a methyl alcohol-water solution.
66
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68
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 39 of 49
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 40 of 49
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'69
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 41 of 49
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 42 of 49
F.
Dermal Absorption of Dry Chlordane
1.
The absorption rate of chlordane from dry surfaces by dry skin
was not known.
Two female Albino New Zealand rabbits nine and ten months
(R)
old were placed in two stock type restraining boxes, shaved with a.^40
clipper, and finally denuded of hair with a surgical depilatory (Surgex ;
5% calcium thioglycolate cream).
Hair was removed in a square shaped
area from the scapula posterior to the- 'crest of the ischium and ventrad
approximately half way to the midline.
The depilatory was carefully
washed from the skin with cotton and tap water.
2.
Technical Chlordane (Nutritional Biochemical. Company, Cleveland
OH)
was diluted in hexane (nanograde) to 505 micrograms (pg)/ml and 1204 vg/ml
standards.
One hundred microliters (0.1 ml) of these solutions were sepa-
rately applied to the free surface of two sets of- 1 sq in (22 mm2) cover
-slips previously attached to'Band-Aid brand, Cipar
Air-Vent^ tape. The.
solutions were applied in two 50 ul aliquots, the hexane was allowed to
evaporate and the slides rotated to assure even pesticide application..
Each rabbit received eleven slides containing 50.5 vg/sq inch left of the
backbone, and eleven slides covered with 120.4 vg/sq inch to the right of
the backbone. The slides were applied 2.5 hours after the depilatory was
removed.
Each slide was numbered and randomly removed at six time inter-
vals, using a table of random numbers as illustrated in Table VIII (Fruend,
1961).
Slides removed from the rabbits were separated from the tape and
immediately immersed in-hexane.
3.
Chlordane was removed from the coverslips by an additional 10 ml
wash with hexane in an -ultrasonic cleaner.
The washes were composited and
analyzed in the Micro-Tek GLC using a QF-1 column as described by Thompson,
et. al. (1969).
70
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 43 of 49
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 44 of 49
TABLE VIII
Chlordanft -Absorption Sampling Schedule 50.5 ug/sq-in '120.4 vg/sq In
HRS AFTER APPLICATION
NO OF SLIDES REMOVED
NO OF SLIDES REMOVED
1 2
3
7
8
4 4
4 4
16.5
U.5
23
24
TOTAL SLIDES
-'
22
22
^
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 45 of 49
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 46 of 49
TABLE IX
Chlordane Residues Recovered From Glass Coverslips in Contact With Rabbit Skin
Time
56.2
Hrs
1
ug/in2
3.0 6.3 1.5 1.9
T
3.17
%
Reduction
120.4 uq/in2
11.0 14.0 15.5 8.5
94.36
2
5.3 1.9 3.0 2.0
2.3 .6 .9 1.6'
3.05
94.58
16.0 8.0 9.5 4.0
3
1.35
97.6
8
0.6 0.4 1.8
0.933
98.3
2.5 1.7 3.0 3.1
-0.6 1.1 0.7 1.0-
16.5
.'
/- '.-
-.'.'.
17.5
.3 .2 .4 .2
0.27
99.5
23
2.0 1.0
24
0.1 0.0
0.05
99.92
1.3 .3 .4
Control
(air
dried 10
50.0 48.2
51.0 53.0
50.5
+0.59
minutes)
72
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 47 of 49
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 48 of 49
TABLE X
The Disappearance Function of- 120.4 ug/in'- Chlordane From Glass Slides in Contact with Rabbit Skin
Time
9
Y
IS;-
Chlordane Residue
THE FUNCTION
FCK>=-.012406611 55*X*t=-2 +12.5261S481*X^*-1 +.816722671
/
J DO YOU WANT TO SEE THIS FUNCTION EVALUATED AT THE DATA POINTS?
\YES
'.
'.
X
1.000 S-03 l.OOOE-03 .OOOE-05 l.OOOE-05 I.OOOE+00 1.000'E+OO
Y
Y-CAL
DIFF
-1.75E-05 -1.73E-05 -1.75E-05 2.551E+00 -6.6SE-01 -2.17E+00 4..S51E+00 "8.92&-00 &.23E-01 -2.42E+00 5.077E+00 1.18E-01 6.825E-01 -S.18E-01 2.823E-01
1..204E+02 1,,204E+02 1 204+02 1.>204E-i-02 1..100E+01 1.i400E+01 I,OOOE+00 550E+01 l.OOOE+00 8..500E+00
1,204E+02 -1.75E-05
2.000E+00
^.OOOE+00 2.000 +00
2OOOE+00 8OOOE+00 S.OOOE+00 ^OOOE+OO
^,000+00
1.550E+01 I.650E+0! l.S50E:+OI
l.^OH+Oi
2.500E:+01 2.500^+01 2.400E+01 2.400E:+01 2.400E+01
1.204E+02 1 .204E+02 1.204E+02 X.333E+01 1.333E+01 1.535E+01 1.355 +01 .600E+01 7,077E+00 8,.OOOE+00 7.077E+00 9<.500E+00 7.077E+00 4,^OOOE+00 7.077E+00 2,.500E+00 2.382 S-00 1.700E+00 2.3S2E+00 3,OOOE-rOO 2.382&-00 2,.100E+00 2.382E+00 6..OOOE-01 1.576E+00 I.,IOOE+00 1.576E+00 7.OOOE-01 1.576E+00 1.OOOE+00 I.57GE+00 2..OOOE+00 .561 5-00 OOOE+00 1.561E+00 >500E-rOO 1.559B-00 3,OOOE-01 1.35&E+00 4.OOOE-Ol 1 .559E+00
&.75SE-OI
4.758E-01
8.75SE-01 5.75SE-01 -6.5SE-01
5.615E-01 S.S65E-02 1.059E+00 9.586E-01
STANDARD DEVIATION IS 2.5756857272516
DO YOU WANT-TO PLOT THIS FUNCTION?
73
Case 1:05-cv-01020-MMS
Document 39-13
Filed 01/05/2007
Page 49 of 49
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