Free Response to Motion - District Court of Colorado - Colorado

Case 1:01-cr-00214-WYD

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I N T H E U N I T E D S T AT E S D I S T R I C T C O U R T F O R T H E D I S T R I C T O F C O L O R AD O C r im . N o. 0 1-C R -00214-W YD C ivil Act ion N o. 0 7-C V-00367-W YD U N I T E D S T AT E S O F AM E R I C A, P la in t iff/R es p on d en t , v. 4 . AL VI N G R E E N , a /k /a , M el D og, D efen d a n t /M ova n t ,

U N IT E D S T AT E S ' AN S WE R T O D E F E N D AN T 'S M O T IO N U N D E R 2 8 U .S .C . § 2 2 5 5

T h e U n it ed S t a t es r es p on d s t o d efen d a n t 's p os t -con vict ion m ot ion t o va ca t e, s et a s id e, or cor r ect h is s en t en ce , u n d er 28 U .S .C . § 2255 (d oc. 3429 ). S ta te d Gro u n d s F o r R e lie f T h e d efen d a n t Alvin G r ee n a lle ge s: (1) h is t r ia l cou n s e l p r ovid e d in effect ive a s s is t a n ce b y fa ilin g t o cr os s exa m in e a gover n m en t w it n es s r ega r d in g p r ior in con s is t en t s t a t em en t s ; a n d (2) h is a p p ella t e cou n s el w a s in effect ive in fa ilin g t o r a is e m er it or iou s is s u es on a p p ea l. G r een s eek s a n evid e n t ia r y h ea r in g on t h es e is s u es .

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Tim e lin e s s T it le 2 8, U .S .C . § 2 255 r equ ir es t h a t a m ot ion be filed w it h in on e yea r of "t h e d a t e on w h ich t h e ju d gm en t of con vict ion becom es fin a l . . . ." F in a l ju d gm en t en t er ed on Ap r il 1 5, 2004. S ee d oc. 3026 (a t t a ch m en t 1). T h e d efen d a n t a p p ea led h is con vict ion a n d t h e C ou r t of Ap p ea ls a ffir m ed on S ep t em b er 1 5, 2 005. S ee U n ited S t a t es v . W illie S m a ll, et a l., 423 F .3d 116 4 (1 0 t h C ir . 2 005) (a t t a ch m en t 2). T h e S u p r em e C ou r t d en ied d efen d a n t 's p e t it ion for w r it of cer t ior a r i on F e br u a r y 21, 2006. 1 D e fe n d a n t 's § 2255 m ot ion (d oc. 3 426) w a s filed F ebr u a r y 21, 2007 a n d is t im ely. S ee U n it ed S t a t es v . B u rch , 2 02 F .3d 1 274, 1276 (10t h C ir .2000) (ju d gm en t of con vict ion b ecom es fin a l u n d er § 2 255 on t h e la t er of t h e exp ir a t ion of 90 d a y t im e for filin g cer t ior a r i p et it ion or C ou r t 's fin a l d is p os it ion of p et it ion ). A cor r ect ed m ot ion (d oc. 3 429) w a s filed F ebr u a r y 22, 2007, con t a in in g a n elect r on ic s ign a t u r e . S ee D ock et An n ot a t ion n o. 3432. P u r s u a n t t o R u le 5 (b) of t h e R u les G over n in g § 2255 P r oceed in gs , t h e U n it ed S t a t es in for m s t h e cou r t t h a t n o p r ior p os t -con vict ion m ot ion s h a ve b e e n file d by t h e d efen d a n t a n d n o h e a r in gs h a ve be en con d u ct e d .

T h is d a t e is t a k en fr om t h e G en er a l D ock et , U .S . C ou r t of Ap p ea ls for t h e T en t h C ir cu it , in U n it ed S t a t es v . A lv in G reen , N o. 04-1157, e n t r y of M a r ch 6 , 2 006 (p e r P AC E R ). P a ge 2 of 22

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F a c tu a l B a c k g ro u n d F ollow in g t r ia l t o a ju r y, G r een w a s fou n d gu ilt y of con s p ir a cy t o d is t r ib u t e 5 0 gr a m s or m or e of cr a ck coca in e. D oc's 2661 & 3026. T r ia l bega n S ep t em b er 2 2, 2 003, a n d en d ed N ovem ber 13, 2003. T h e S econ d S u p er s ed in g I n d ict m e n t ch a r ged t h ir t y-t w o d e fe n d a n t s w it h d r u g t r a ffick in g, fir e a r m s offen s es , a n d m on ey la u n d er in g. D oc. 1595. S even of t h os e d efen d a n t s r e m a in e d a t t h e t im e of t r ia l: W illie S m a ll, S a m m y W ood s , Alvin G r e e n , T h eolia n L loyd , Zebed ee H a ll, M a x C oop er , a n d G eor ge M u r r a y. S m a ll, W ood s , G r een , L loyd , a n d H a ll w er e fou n d gu ilt y of t h e con s p ir a cy ch a r ge (C ou n t O n e); M u r r a y a n d C oop er w er e bot h a cqu it t ed of t h e con s p ir a cy ch a r ge. I n a d d it ion t o t h e con s p ir a cy con vict ion , G r een w a s con vict ed on C ou n t s T h ir t y-E igh t a n d T h ir t y-N in e, ch a r gin g u s e of a com m u n ica t ion s fa cilit y t o fu r t h e r a d r u g t r a ffick in g cr im e, a n d C ou n t S e ve n t y-F ive , ch a r gin g m on e y la u n d er in g. D oc's 2 661 & 3 026. T h e s en t en ce w a s d et er m in ed by t h e qu a n t it y of cr a ck coca in e ch a r ged in C ou n t O n e (50 gr a m s or m or e) a n d t h e fa ct t h a t G r een h a d t w o p r ior felon y d r u g con vict ion s . T h is cou r t s en t en ced G r een t o a m a n d a t or y t er m of life im p r is on m en t , p u r s u a n t t o 2 1 U .S .C . § 841(b)(1)(A).

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Ar g u m e n t T o p r eva il on a cla im of in effect ive a s s is t a n ce of cou n s el, a d efen d a n t m u s t s h ow : (1) h is "cou n s el m a d e er r or s s o s er iou s t h a t cou n s el w a s n ot fu n ct ion in g a s t h e `cou n s el' gu a r a n t eed t h e d efen d a n t by t h e S ixt h Am en d m en t ," a n d (2) cou n s el's p er for m a n ce p r eju d iced h im in t h a t "t h er e is a r ea s on a b le p r oba bilit y t h a t , b u t for cou n s el's u n p r ofes s ion a l er r or s , t h e r es u lt of t h e p r oceed in g w ou ld h a ve been d iffer en t . A r ea s on a ble p r oba bilit y is a p r ob a b ilit y s u fficien t t o u n d er m in e con fid en ce in t h e ou t com e." S t rick la n d v . W a sh in gt on , 4 66 U .S . 6 68, 6 87-88, 694 (1984). T h is cou r t m u s t "give con s id er a ble d efer en ce t o a n a t t or n ey's s t r a t egic d ecis ion s a n d `r ecogn ize t h a t cou n s el is s t r on gly p r es u m ed t o h a ve r en d er ed a d equ a t e a s s is t a n ce a n d m a d e a ll s ign ifica n t d ecis ion s in t h e exer cis e of r ea s on a ble p r ofes s ion a l ju d gm en t .'" B u llock v . C a rv er, 2 97 F .3d 1 03 6, 1044 (10t h C ir . 2002) (qu ot in g S t rick la n d , 4 6 6 U .S . a t 6 90). I n r eview in g a cla im of in effect ive a s s is t a n ce "a cou r t n eed n ot d et er m in e w h et h er cou n s el's p er for m a n ce w a s d eficien t befor e exa m in in g t h e p r eju d ice s u ffer ed b y t h e d efen d a n t a s a r es u lt of t h e a lleged d eficien cies ." S t rick la n d , 4 66 U .S . a t 6 97. "I f it is ea s ier t o d is p os e of a n in effect iven es s cla im on t h e gr ou n d of la ck of s u fficie n t p r e ju d ice , w h ich w e e xp e ct w ill oft e n b e s o, t h a t cou r s e s h ou ld b e follow ed ." I d . P a ge 4 of 22

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AR G U M E N T I. D e fe n d a n t 's T r i a l C o u n s e l Wa s N o t In e ffe c t i v e G r een a r gu es h is cou n s el w a s in effect ive beca u s e h e d id n ot cr os s exa m in e a gover n m en t w it n es s r ega r d in g p r ior in con s is t en t s t a t em en t s t h e w it n es s a lleged ly m a d e con cer n in g G r een 's r ole in t h e d r u g d is t r ibu t ion s ch em e. M ot ion a t 6 ; S u p p or t in g M em or a n d u m of L a w (h er ea ft er "M O L ") a t 1 0 . G r e e n d oes n ot id en t ify s p e cific s t a t e m e n t s h e a lle ge s w e r e in con s is t e n t w it h t h e t r ia l t es t im on y, n or d oes h e p r ovid e a n y cit a t ion s t o t h e r ecor d . T h e w it n es s in q u es t ion , D a ch a u n D a vis , w a s a clos e a s s ocia t e of W illie S m a ll, a n d w a s ca lled b y t h e gover n m en t a t t r ia l t o t es t ify con cer n in g S m a ll's con n ect ion s t o ot h er d r u g d e a ler s . E a r ly in t h e d ir ect exa m in a t ion of D a vis , t h e gover n m en t elicit ed t es t im on y s h ow in g t h a t d u r in g a n in it ia l d ebr iefin g, D a vis h a d fa iled t o t ell t h e gover n m en t a bou t Alvin G r een . T h e t es t im on y w a s a s follow s : Q: You k n ow , you 've t a lk e d a bou t Alvin G r e e n . D oe s h e h a ve a n y r ela t ion s h ip t o t h e D a vis fa m ily? A: Q: A: Q: N o. D id h e h a ve a n y r ela t ion s h ip s w it h a n yon e in t h e D a vis fa m ily? Yes . W it h K eyon n a . W h a t w a s t h a t r ela t ion s h ip ? P a ge 5 of 22

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A: Q:

T h ey w er e fr ien d s ba ck be for e , I gu e ss . D a t e d , w h a t e ve r . You r em em ber com in g in t o t h e office of t h e U .S . a t t or n ey a n d givin g s om e s t a t em en t s a bou t you r r ole a n d in volvem en t in t h e ca s e?

A: Q: A: Q:

Yes . D id you com e in m or e t h a n on ce ? Yes . O n t h e fir s t t im e t h a t you ca m e in , in F e br u a r y of 2003, d id you give t h e com p le t e p ict u r e ?

A: Q: A:

N o. W h y n ot ? B eca u s e I felt s om e s ym p a t h y, I gu es s , for a few of t h e gu ys on t h e ca s e.

Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q:

W h o d id you n ot t ell a bou t t h e fir s t t im e a r ou n d ? M el. M el D og. Alvin G r een ? Yea h , Alvin G r een . D id you - - d id you ch a n ge you r m in d a bou t t h a t la t e r ? Yes . An d w h a t d id you - - w h a t d id you s a y w h en you ca m e ba ck in t h e P a ge 6 of 22

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s econ d t im e? Q: T h a t it w a s a - - I s een h im w it h la r ge a m ou n t s of m on ey, gu n s , a n d d r u gs . A: Q: A: Q: An d w a s t h a t t r u t h fu l? Yes . An d w h y h a d n 't you t old u s t h a t t h e fir s t t im e? L ik e I s a id , I felt s om e sym p a t h y t ow a r d s h im . I h a d be e n k n ow in g h im s in ce I w a s you n g. S o I , you k n ow , I felt lik e I d id n 't w a n t t o t ell. R O A, Vol. XXXI X (D a y 6 - 9/29/03) a t 1254-1255 (a t t a ch m en t 3). T h e gover n m en t p r esu m e s t h a t t h is is t h e "p r ior in con s is t e n t s t a t em en t " t o w h ich G r een r efer s . H ow ever d u r in g a la t er d ebr iefin g, D a vis d id t ell t h e gover n m en t a bou t G r een 's r ole in d ea lin g d r u gs w it h W illie S m a ll. T h u s , D a vis ' t r ia l t est im on y w a s con s is t e n t w it h h is la t e r p r e -t r ia l s t a t e m e n t , a n d t h e on ly gr ou n d for im p ea ch m e n t t h a t m igh t h a ve be en p u r s u e d by G r e e n 's cou n s el, w a s t h a t d u r in g t h e in it ia l d e br ie fin g D a vis fa ile d t o in cr im in a t e G r een . T h a t om is s ion d oes n ot u n d er m in e D a vis ' la t er s t a t em en t or h is t r ia l t est im on y. D a vis a ls o ga ve a p la u s ible r e a s on for p r ot e ct in g G r e e n t h e fir s t t im e a r ou n d . D a vis t es t ified h e h a d k n ow n G r een "s in ce I w a s you n g," a n d t h a t G r een h a d d a t ed h is s is t er K eyon n a . I n a n y even t , w h a t ever P a ge 7 of 22

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D a vis ' m ot ives in in it ia lly fa ilin g t o im p lica t e G r een , h is p r ior s t a t em en t w a s b e for e t h e ju r or s , w h o w er e fr ee t o d r a w a n y in fe r e n ce t h e y d e e m e d a p p r op r ia t e. G r een a lleges h is t r ia l cou n s e l s h ou ld h a ve cr os s -e xa m in e d on t h e is s u e , b u t d oe s n ot s t a t e w h a t h is t r ia l cou n s el s h ou ld h a ve d on e, or h ow cr os s exa m in a t ion m igh t h a ve a s s is t ed h is d efen s e. N o d ou bt , on cr os s -exa m in a t ion d efen s e cou n s el cou ld h a ve con fr on t ed D a vis w it h h is in it ia l d ebr iefin g s t a t em en t , b u t t h is w ou ld h a ve d on e lit t le m or e t h a n con fir m w h a t D a vis h a d a lr e a d y t est ified t o. A p os s ible in fe r e n ce m igh t be t h a t D a vis w a s lyin g w h e n h e im p lica t ed G r een a t t r ia l. B u t a n a t t e m p t t o im p e a ch D a vis in t h is m a n n e r w ou ld h a ve en t it led t h e gover n m en t on r e-d ir ect exa m in a t ion t o r evis it t h e en t ir e s u bject of D a vis ' t r ia l t es t im on y, w h ich w a s d eva s t a t in g t o G r een . S u ch a n im p ea ch m en t t a ct ic w ou ld a ls o h a ve en t it led t h e gover n m en t t o elicit fr om D a vis t h e d et a ils of h is ot h er p r e-t r ia l s t a t em en t s , m a d e in a la t er d ebr iefin g, t h a t im p lica t ed G r een a n d w er e con s is t en t w it h D a vis ' t r ia l t es t im on y. S ee F e d .R .E vid . 801(d )(1)(B ) (p r ior con s is t e n t h e a r s a y s t a t e m e n t s a d m is s ible "t o r eb u t a n exp r es s or im p lied ch a r ge a ga in s t t h e d ecla r a n t of r ecen t fa br ica t ion or im p r op er in flu en ce or m ot ive"). U n d e r t h e se cir cu m s t a n ce s, a r e a s on a b le a t t or n ey cou ld h a ve m a d e a t a ct ica l d ecis ion n ot t o p u r s u e t h e m a t t er on cr os s -exa m in a t ion . S u ch a d ecis ion ca n n ot be a s s a iled p os t -t r ia l in or d er t o P a ge 8 of 22

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s h ow in e ffect ive a s s is t a n ce. S ee H a t ch v . O k la h om a , 58 F .3d 1447, 1459 (10 t h C ir . 1 9 9 5 ), citin g U n ited S ta tes v . O rtiz O liv era s, 717 F .2d 1, 3 (1s t C ir . 19 8 3 ) ("t a ct ica l d e cis ion s , w h et h er w is e or u n w is e, s u cces s fu l or u n s u cces s fu l, ca n n ot or d in a r ily for m t h e ba s is of a cla im of in e ffe ct ive a s s is t a n ce "). S ee a lso B u llock v . C a rv er, 2 97 F .3d 1 03 6,1044 (10t h C ir . 2002) (cou r t m u s t give d efer en ce t o a t t or n ey's s t r a t egic d ecis ion s a n d p r es u m e cou n s el m a d e a ll s ign ifica n t d ecis ion s in t h e exer cis e of r ea s on a ble p r ofes s ion a l ju d gm en t ). T h u s , G r een 's t r ia l cou n s el d id n ot p r ovid e in effect ive a s s is t a n ce by r efr a in in g fr om cr os s -exa m in a t ion on t h e s u bject . G r een in s is t s t h a t h a d h is cou n s el p u r s u ed t h e is s u e, t h e ju r y w ou ld h a ve h a d a r ea s on a ble d ou bt a s t o h is gu ilt . M O L a t 10. As s h ow n a bove , h ow ever , t h e p r ior s t a t em en t w a s br ou gh t ou t by t h e gover n m en t on d ir ect e xa m in a t ion a n d t h u s t h er e w a s lit t le d e fe n s e cou n s e l cou ld d o w it h t h e is s u e . B u t e ve n if G r een 's cou n s el h a d cr os s -e xa m in e d on t h e is s u e a n d ch a lle n ge d D a ch a u n D a vis ' cr ed ibilit y, t h er e w a s a bu n d a n t ot h e r e vid e n ce t h a t G r e e n w a s in volved w it h W illie S m a ll in d is t r ibu t in g d r u gs . I n a ffir m in g G r e e n 's con vict ion on a p p ea l, t h e T en t h C ir cu it fou n d t h a t "[t ]h e t r ia l e vid e n ce s h ow ed t h a t G r een w a s a m a jor s ou r ce of s u p p ly for S m a ll's d r u g op er a t ion , t h a t h e t r a veled t o C a lifor n ia for t h e p u r p os e of obt a in in g la r ge qu a n t it ies of d r u gs for S m a ll, a n d t h a t S m a ll w a s d ep en d en t on G r een t o s u p p ly t h e P a ge 9 of 22

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op er a t ion ."423 F .3d a t 1183. T h e cou r t 's con clu s ion w a s ba s ed u p on fa r m or e t h a n t h e w or d s of D a ch a u n D a vis . D a vis ' t es t im on y w a s cor r obor a t ed by t h e t es t im on y of w it n es s es s u ch a s K eyon n a D a vis , B r id get J oh n s on , a n d S a n d r a D a vis . An d t h e t es t im on y of a ll t h es e w it n es s es w a s cor r obor a t ed by t h e gover n m en t 's w ir et a p evid en ce. K eyon n a D a vis t es t ified t h a t W illie S m a ll t old h er t h a t h e w a s w a it in g on G r een for coca in e. Vol. XL I I (t r . 10/2/03) a t 1788-89. 2 S h e obs er ved t h a t G r een w ou ld lea ve t ow n a n d w h en h e r et u r n ed , s h e w ou ld h a ve m or e cr a ck a t h e r h ou s e . I d . a t 1 791. S m a ll ga ve m on ey t o G r een for cr a ck . I d . a t 1804-0 5 . S m a ll t old h er h e h a d t o s ell G r een 's d r u gs s o h e cou ld get G r een h is m on ey. I d . a t 1 8 0 5. S m a ll a ls o t old h er h e got be t t e r d e a ls on t h e d r u gs fr om G r e e n t h a n fr om h is ot h er s u p p lier s . I d . S h e s a w G r een w it h la r ge a m ou n t s of m on ey; t h e w a d s of b ills w er e s o la r ge t h ey w er e h a r d t o h old . I d . a t 1807. B r id get J oh n s on t es t ified t h a t s h e w a s p r es en t w h en W illie S m a ll a n d G r een d is cu s s ed "d op e" t h a t "M el" (G r een ) got fr om C a lifor n ia . Vol. L I V (t r . 1 0 /2 4 /0 3 ) a t 3 306. J oh n s on k n ew t h a t S m a ll ga ve m on ey t o M el, id . a t 330 7 ; t h a t M el w en t t o C a lifor n ia t o p ick u p coca in e, id . a t 3332; a n d t h a t S m a ll ga ve M el "a gr a n d " for d r u gs , id . a t 3335.

2

C it a t ion s a r e t o volu m es of t h e r ecor d on a p p ea l. P a ge 10 of 22

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S a n d r a D a vis t es t ified t h a t s h e k n ew G r een a s "M el" a n d t h a t h e w ou ld a s k h er t o m a k e a ir lin e r es er va t ion s for h im t o L os An geles . Vol. XL VI I I a t 2 4 0 0 , 2 4 03. 3 S m a ll t old h er t h a t G r een w en t t o L os An geles t o fin d d r u gs . I d . a t 2 4 0 6 . S a n d r a D a vis u s ed t o clea n h ou s e for bot h S m a ll a n d G r een , a n d s h e t es t ified t h a t S m a ll k ep t cr a ck coca in e in a fa ls e-bot t om ed ca n of clea n in g s olu t ion . I d . a t 2 377, 2 395-96, 2407. S h e k n ew t h a t S m a ll t ook t h e ca n t o G r e e n 's h ou s e. I d . a t 2410. B r a in H a r r is t es t ified t h a t on a t lea s t on e occa s ion (h e w a s n ot s u r e w h ich ), G r een w a s w it h W illie S m a ll d u r in g a d r u g t r a n s a ct ion h e (H a r r is ) h a d w it h S m a ll. Vol. XL V (t r . 1 0/03/03) a t 2023. T h e t es t im on y of t h es e w it n es s es ­ a n d D a ch a u n D a vis ' t es t im on y ­ a b ou t G r een 's d r u g d ea lin g a ct ivit ies w a s cor r obor a t ed by n u m er ou s t e le p h on e con ver s a t ion s bet w een G r e e n a n d W illie S m a ll t h a t w e r e in t er cep t ed on t h e gover n m en t 's w ir et a p s . T h e w ir e in t er cep t ion s s h ow t h e con n ect ion b et w een G r een 's s u p p ly s id e of t h e d r u g bu s in es s a n d S m a ll's d is t r ib u t ion s id e . W ir et a p e vid e n ce a d m it t ed a t t r ia l s h ow s : < G r een t ook m on t h ly t r ip s t o C a lifor n ia t o p u r ch a s e coca in e. Vol. XL I X (t e st im on y of Va n D yk e, t r . 10/10/03) a t 57-58; e xh ibit 921; e xh ibit 154R a t 5 ;

T h is cor r ob or a t es D a ch a u n D a vis ' t es t im on y t h a t G r een 's n ick n a m e w a s "M el" or "M el d og." S ee Vol. XXXI X (t r . 9-29-03) a t 1249. P a ge 11 of 22

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exh ib it 1 80 a t 2 (G r een in C a lifor n ia ). 4 < W h en G r een w a s ou t of coca in e, S m a ll w ou ld d ea l w it h ot h er , les s r elia b le s ou r ces , s u ch a s coop er a t in g w it n es s D w a yn e Va n D yk e. S ee, e.g., E xh ib it 3 98, w h er e S m a ll h a d t o p u t off S a m m y W ood s , w h o w a n t e d t o bu y d r u gs , s t a t in g t h a t h e w a s w a it in g for t h e d r u gs t o a r r ive . S m a ll e xp r e ss e d h is a n n oya n ce a t G r een 's s u p p ly in t er r u p t ion s t o G r een h im s elf, s a yin g "I r e a lly d on 't w a n t t o fu ck w it h I a n ." E xh ibit 380 a t 3. < S m a ll t old Va n D yk e n ot t o bot h e r w it h look in g for a lt e r n a t e su p p lie s of d r u gs w h en h e k n ew G r een w a s r et u r n in g fr om C a lifor n ia , w h er e G r een ob t a in ed k ilogr a m q u a n t it ies of coca in e. I n E xh ibit 498 a t 2, S m a ll s a ys "I 'm s t r a igh t , M el got b a ck la s t n igh t ." < S m a ll t ells "B obby" t o "t e ll h im [S ou l] I s e n t lik e 20, 20 la r ge u p t o C a ly . . . t h e s a m e d a y t h e s h it h a p p en ed t o h im a n d I a in 't r et r ieved m y p a ck a ge yet , s o m y en d s a r e t igh t e r t h a n a m ot h e r fu ck e r ." E xh ibit 590 a t 3 . T r ia l t es t im on y s h ow ed t h a t a k ilogr a m of coca in e coa s t a p p r oxim a t ely $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 . Vol. L I (t es t im on y of S t eve S t a n t on , t r . 10/21/03) a t 78-79. S m a ll s t a t es "I got on e a n d a h a lf a n d a n ot h er on e on t h e w a y, r efer r in g t o k ilogr a m s a s "bir d s .'" E xh ibit 194R R .

T h e exh ibit s cit ed w er e a d m it t ed a t t r ia l. T h ey a r e a ls o con t a in ed in a n Ad d en d u m of E xh ibit s filed w it h t h e gover n m en t 's a n s w er br ief on a p p ea l. P a ge 12 of 22

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< S m a ll n eed ed G r een t o s u p p ly d r u gs , be ca u s e som e of h is for m e r s u p p lier s r a n in t o lega l p r oblem s a n d s t op p ed com in g t o C olor a d o. Vol. L I V (t e st im on y of B r id get J oh n s on , t r .10/24/03) a t 72. < S m a ll n eed ed G r een t o r et u r n fr om C a lifor n ia s o h e cou ld con t in u e t h e d is t r ibu t ion s id e of t h e b u s in es s : "I w a n t you t o get ba ck s o ba d ca u s e . . . t h a t t h in g gon n a com e u p w h er e it a in 't n ot h in g . . . w e w a n t t o be a ble t o t a k e ca r e of ou r b u s in es s u n t il it get ba ck on ." E xh ibit 514 a t 3. < A s t a t em en t S m a ll m a d e t o S a n d r a D a vis s h ow s t h e clos e fin a n cia l in t er d ep en d en ce of G r een a n d S m a ll: "M a n I a in 't got n o m on ey, s h it I ga ve M el a ll t h a t m on ey, a n d t h a t fu ck ed m e beca u s e I w a n n a m a k e s u r e h e's a ble t o t a k e ca r e of h is , if h e ca n 't t a k e ca r e of h is e n d . I s u r e ca n 't t a k e ca r e of m in e, s o I t r y t o get t h e m on ey t o h im a s fa s t a s p os s ible . . . s o t h a t 's w h y . . . I give h im a ll t h a t m on ey a t on e t im e s o t h a t w a y h e ca n get ba ck a n d I 'll s t ill h a ve s om e w h ile h e gon e." E xh ibit 530R a t 4. < S m a ll t ells Zebed ee H a ll: "I w en t in w it h m y h om eboy on t h is t h in g . . . h e goes t o C a lifor n ia . . . I t r u s t h im ca u s e h e a lw a ys com es ba ck w it h t h e t h in g." E xh ibit 536 a t 3. < S m a ll t ells D a ch a u n D a vis , "W e n eed t o get s om et h in g goin g m a n . M el's got w or k t h a t w e n eed t o t r y t o get t o, if h e a in 't d ow n ed it a lr ea d y." E xh ib it 2 72 a t 3. P a ge 13 of 22

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< W h en Zebeed ee H a ll w a n t ed t w o a d d it ion a l ou n ces , S m a ll ca lled G r een t o get s om e of h is s u p p ly t o s ell t o H a ll. E xh ibit 350 a t 2. < S m a ll t ells S a n d r a D a vis : "n or m a lly I d o a ll t h a t for h is . . . I ca n 't give a w a y w h a t I got ." E xh ibit 248 a t 3. < S m a ll t ells S h ir ley D a vis , "I got t h e lit t le sh it t h a t M e l ga ve m e bu t t h a t s h it 'll b e gon e a n d I d on 't t h in k h e got n o m or e." E xh ibit 342 a t 11. < S m a ll t old S a n d r a D a vis t h a t M e l w a s t a k in g lon ge r t h a n a n t icip a t e d in C a lifor n ia , s t a t in g, "h e s a id h e w a s n 't com p let e w it h t h e job h e w en t t o d o, s h it w a s n 't t h er e, h e gon n a b e t h er e a w h ile I believe . . . I t old h im h ow s low it w a s on m y en d a n d h e s a id it a in 't gon n a be s low lon g . . . h e s a id s h it p op u p b u t it b e gon e befor e you k n ow it ." S m a ll e xp la in e d "I t h in k h e [G r e e n ] ge t h is k in d a lik e h a lf a n d h a lf, h a lf u p fr on t a n d h a lf you k n ow ca s h , s o w h oe ve r ge t t h e fu ll ca s e is m os t lik ely t h e on e w h o ge t t h e p a ck a ge ." E xh ibit 182R a t 7. < S m a ll w ir ed m on ey t o G r e e n , s o G r e e n cou ld ge t coca in e . E xh ibit 94 0 a t 2 -5 . S m a ll t ells B r id get J oh n s on h e h a d t o s e n d m on e y t o G r e e n for exp en s es s t a t in g: "you k n ow , I h a d t o give M el a gr a n d . . . bu t h e n eed t o t a k e ca r e of b u s in ess u p t h er e a n d t h e n com e ba ck ." E xh ibit 440 a t 5. < G r een d ir ect s S m a ll t o s e n d t h e e xp e n s e m on e y t o a n a m e d iffe r e n t fr om h is ow n in C a lifor n ia . E xh ibit s 432 a t 3;426 a t 3; 432 a t 3; 436 a t 2; 4 4 6 P a ge 14 of 22

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a t 2 ; 4 4 8 a t 2 ; 4 50 a t 2 ; 4 52 a t 2 . S ee Vol. L I I I (t es t im on y of S t eve S t a n t on ,t r . 1 0 /2 3 /0 3 ) a t 1 94-95. < D is cu s s in g G r een 's t r ip s t o C a lifor n ia , S m a ll s a ys : "W h en m y d u d e get s b a ck , I h a ve w or k ." S m a ll a ls o d is cu s s es t h e r is k s a n d s u s p icion s of t h e b u s in e ss ­ h e d oesn 't k n ow exa ct ly w h e n G r e e n w ill r e t u r n a n d d oe s n ot s e e m t o w a n t t o k n ow ("s o if a n yt h in g ever d o h a p p en , m ot h er fu ck er ca n 't s a y `W ell, W illie w a s t h e on ly on e w h o k n e w '"). E xh ibit 472 a t 2. G iven t h is over w h elm in g evid en ce of G r een 's d r u g d ea lin g a ct ivit y, a n y er r or on t h e p a r t of G r een 's cou n s el in fa ilin g t o cr os s -exa m in e D a ch a u n D a vis ­ con cer n in g a p r ior s t a t em en t a lr ea d y br ou gh t ou t on d ir ect exa m in a t ion ­ cou ld n ot h a ve a ffect ed t h e ou t com e of t h e p r oceed in gs . II. D e fe n d a n t 's Ap p e ll a t e C o u n s e l Wa s N o t In e ffe c t i v e G r een a r gu es t h a t h is a p p e lla t e cou n s e l w a s in e ffe ct ive be ca u s e h e "fa iled t o a r gu e t h e is s u e of s ever a n ce w h ich w a s r a is ed a t t r ia l a n d a ls o fa iled t o a r gu e t h e in effect ive a s s is t a n ce of cou n s el a t t r ia l beca u s e of t r ia l cou n s e l's fa ilu r e t o r equ est a s p e cia l ju r y in s t r u ct ion a s t o d r u g qu a n t it ie s a t t r ib u t a b le t o P et it ion er ." M O L a t 15. A. S ev era n ce

G r een m a in t a in s h is a p p ella t e cou n s el w a s in effect ive in fa ilin g t o a p p e a l t h e d is t r ict cou r t 's d en ia l of h is s e ve r a n ce m ot ion . M O L a t 15. G r e en P a ge 15 of 22

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d oes n ot id en t ify a s p ecific m ot ion h e filed a n d d oes n ot exp la in h ow t h e t r ia l cou r t er r ed in d en yin g t h e m ot ion . G r een n eit h er a llu d es t o n or cit es t h e d is t r ict cou r t or d er h e m a in t a in s h is cou n s e l s h ou ld h a ve a p p e a le d . G r e e n 's a r gu m en t is cou ch ed in gen er a lit ies a n d t h e gover n m en t r es p on d s in k in d . D efen d a n t fir s t cit es Z a firo v . U n it ed S t a t es, 506 U .S . 534, 539-40 (1 9 9 3 ), a n d a r gu es t h a t a join t t r ia l p r e se n t s "t h e p os s ibilit y t h a t e vid e n ce of w r on gd oin g of a cod efen d a n t m igh t be u s ed by t h e ju r y t o d et er m in e t h e gu ilt of t h e d e fen d a n t ." M O L a t 1 6. B u t G r een d oes n ot bols t er t h is lega l t r u is m w it h a n y cit a t ion t o s p ecific "s p illover evid en ce" a t t r ia l t h a t m igh t h a ve p r eju d iced h im . An d t h e t r u is m G r een cit es is on ly p a r t of t h e s t or y. T h e T en t h C ir cu it h a s h eld t h a t "in a con s p ir a cy t r ia l it is p r efer r ed t h a t p er s on s ch a r ged t oget h er b e t r ied t oget h er ." U n it ed S t a t es v . R a y, 370 F .3d 1039, 1 0 4 5 (1 0 t h C ir . 2004), cit in g U n it ed S t a t es v . S cot t, 37 F .3d 1564, 1579 (10t h C ir .1 9 9 4 ). T o over com e t h is "p r es u m p t ion " in fa vor of join t t r ia ls ­ a s t h e cou r t d es cr ibed it in R a y ­ a d efen d a n t m u s t m a k e "a s t r on g s h ow in g of p r e ju d ice ." I d . T h e cou r t h eld t h a t "[p ]r eju d ice occu r s w h en t h er e is a s er iou s r is k t h a t a join t t r ia l w ill com p r om is e a s p ecific t r ia l r igh t of on e of t h e d efen d a n t s , or p r even t t h e ju r y fr om m a k in g a r elia ble ju d gm en t a bou t gu ilt or in n ocen ce." I d ., citin g U n ited S ta tes v . E d w a rd s, 69 F .3d 419, 434 (10t h C ir .1 9 9 5 ). B eca u s e G r een fa ils t o id en t ify a n y s p ecific evid en ce of "a coP a ge 16 of 22

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d efen d a n t 's w r on gd oin g" t h a t w a s a d m it t ed a ga in s t h im , h e ca n n ot s a t is fy t h is s t a n d a r d . Aga in cit in g Z a firo, G r een com p la in s t h a t t h e r is k of p r eju d ice is h eigh t en ed in m u lt i-d efen d a n t ca s es in volvin g d iffer in g d egr ees of cu lp a bilit y. M O L a t 1 6. T h is com p la in t is p u zzlin g, be ca u s e t h e e vid e n ce a ga in s t G r e e n w a s p r ob a bly gr ea t er t h a n t h e evid en ce a ga in s t m os t of h is co-d efen d a n t s (w it h t h e excep t ion of W illie S m a ll). B u t e ve n w h e n t h e w e igh t of t h e e vid e n ce a ga in s t co-d efen d a n t s is gr ea t er , t h is is n ot a gr ou n d for s ever a n ce. T h e T en t h C ir cu it h a s h eld t h a t "n eit h er a m er e a llega t ion t h a t d efen d a n t w ou ld h a ve a b et t er ch a n ce of a cqu it t a l in a s ep a r a t e t r ia l, n or a com p la in t of t h e `s p ill-over effect ' fr om t h e evid en ce t h a t w a s over w h elm in g or m or e d a m a gin g a ga in s t t h e co-d efen d a n t t h a n t h a t a ga in s t t h e m ovin g p a r t y is s u fficie n t t o w a r r a n t s ever a n ce." U n it ed S t a t es v . H a ck , 782 F .2d 862, 870 (10t h C ir . 1 9 7 6 ); U n ited S t a t es v . C a rd a ll, 885 F .2d 656, 667-68 (10t h C ir . 1989); U n it ed S t a t es v . C olon n a , 3 60 F .3 d 1 169, 1178 (10t h C ir . 2004). I n R a y, t h e cir cu it cou r t h eld t h a t even evid en ce of m u r d er a n d t or t u r e in volvin g co-d efen d a n t s d id "n ot es t a blis h t h a t t h e D is t r ict C ou r t com m it t ed r ever s ible er r or in r e fu s in g t o s ever M r . R a y's t r ia l fr om h is cod e fe n d a n t s ." 370 F .3d a t 1045. An y d is p a r it y in evid en ce in t h e p r es en t ca s e, if on e exis t ed a t a ll, in volved la r gely t h e m a t t er of d r u g qu a n t it ies a n d in d ivid u a l r ela t ion s h ip s P a ge 17 of 22

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a m on g co-con s p ir a t or s . S u ch m a t t er s a r e u n lik ely t o give r is e t o p r eju d ice. An d in Z a firo, t h e S u p r em e C ou r t h eld t h a t t h e p ot en t ia l for p r eju d ice in h er en t in join t t r ia ls ca n or d in a r ily be a d d r es s ed t h r ou gh lim it in g in s t r u ct ion s . Z a firo v . U n it ed S t a t es, 506 U .S . a t 539-40. At t r ia l, t h is cou r t ga ve n u m er ou s in s t r u ct ion s ca u t ion in g t h e ju r y t o w eigh t h e evid e n ce a ga in s t ea ch d efen d a n t s ep a r a t ely. I n s t r u ct ion n o. 9 a d vis ed t h e ju r or s t h a t in cer t a in in s t a n ces "evid en ce w a s a d m it t ed on ly con cer n in g a p a r t icu la r p a r t y or on ly for a p a r t icu la r p u r p os e" a n d ca u t ion e d t h e m a ga in s t u s in g t h e e vid e n ce "for a n y ot h er p u r p os e or a ga in s t a n y p a r t y n ot s p ecifica lly m en t ion ed ." Vol. L I I I a t 4 1 2 3 . W it h in s t r u ct ion n o. 2 7 t h e cou r t ca u t ion ed t h e ju r y: "I t is you r d u t y t o give s ep a r a t e a n d p er s on a l con s id er a t ion t o t h e ca s e of ea ch d efen d a n t ." T h e in s t r u ct ion r equ ir ed t h e ju r y t o a n a lyze t h e evid en ce w it h r ega r d t o ea ch d efen d a n t , "lea vin g ou t of con s id er a t ion en t ir ely a n y evid en ce a d m it t ed s olely a ga in s t s om e ot h er d e fen d a n t or d e fen d a n t s ." I d . a t 4131. I n s t r u ct ion n o. 2 8 fu r t h e r ca u t ion ed t h e ju r y t o con s id e r s e p a r a t e ly t h e e vid e n ce a n d ch a r ge s a ga in s t ea ch d efen d a n t a n d n ot t o a llow a ver d ict on on e ch a r ge t o "con t r ol you r ver d ict a s t o a n y ot h er offen s e ch a r ged a ga in s t t h a t d e fen d a n t or a ga in s t a n y ot h er d efen d a n t ." I d . a t 4132. G r e e n h a s p r ovid e d n o e vid e n ce t o s u gge s t t h e ju r y w a s u n a ble t o follow t h es e in s t r u ct ion s . P er h a p s a n t icip a t in g t h e gover n m en t 's a r gu m en t , G r een a r gu es t h a t P a ge 18 of 22

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"[i]t is n ot s im p ly a m a t t er t h a t P et it ion er h a d a gr ea t er ch a n ce of a cqu it t a l w it h a s e p a r a t e t r ia l, bu t t h a t t h e G ove r n m e n t w ou ld h a ve h a d t o p r ove t h e w eigh t of t h e d r u gs a t t r ibu t ed t o P et it ion er a s w ell a s p r ove a d ir ect lin k in t h e con s p ir a cy." M O L a t 1 6. G r een m a in t a in s t h a t a t t h e s en t en cin g h ea r in g t h e gover n m en t 's a t t r ibu t ion t o h im of over 50 gr a m s of cr a ck coca in e w a s b a s ed u p on "t en u ou s lin k s " m a d e t h r ou gh "t h e t es t im on y of p er s on s in t h eir ow n cr im in a l t r ou ble." M O L a t 17. T h is a r gu m e n t is m is gu id e d . C ou n t O n e of t h e S econ d S u p er ced in g I n d ict m en t ch a r ged G r een w it h con s p ir in g t o d is t r ib u t e a n d p os s es s w it h in t en t t o d is t r ibu t e cr a ck coca in e "w eigh in g m or e t h a n fift y gr a m s ." R O A Vol. I I I , d oc. 1595 a t 4. T h e w eigh t of t h e d r u gs w a s a n elem en t of t h e offen s e. I n or d er t o r en d er a gu ilt y ver d ict , t h e ju r y w a s in s t r u ct ed it m u s t fin d ea ch elem en t of t h e offen s e "a s t o ea ch d efen d a n t ." Vol. L I I I a t 4 134. 5 E lem en t n o. 2 r equ ir ed t h e ju r y t o fin d : "T h a t t h e con s p ir a cy in volved 50 gr a m s or m or e of cr a ck coca in e ." I d . E lem en t n os . 3 a n d 4 r eq u ir ed t h e ju r y t o fin d t h a t ea ch d efen d a n t k n ew t h e es s en t ia l ob je ct ive s of t h e con s p ir a cy a n d k n ow in gly a n d volu n t a r ily a gr e e d t o be com e

T h os e elem en t s a r e: 1. T h a t t w o or m or e p e r s on s a gr e e d t o d is t r ibu t e or t o p os s es s w it h in t en t t o d is t r ibu t e cr a ck coca in e; 2. T h a t t h e con s p ir a cy in volved 50 gr a m s or m or e of cr a ck coca in e; 3. T h a t t h e d efen d a n t k n e w t h e es s en t ia l object ives of t h e con s p ir a cy; 4. T h a t t h e d efen d a n t k n ow in gly a n d volu n t a r ily a gr eed t o b eca m e in volved in t h e con s p ir a cy; a n d 5. T h a t t h e a lleged con s p ir a t or s w er e in t er d ep en d en t . Vol. L I I I a t 4134. P a ge 19 of 22

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in volved in t h e con s p ir a cy. B y r en d er in g it s gu ilt y ver d ict , t h e ju r y fou n d t h a t t h e gover n m en t p r oved t h a t G r een con s p ir ed t o d is t r ibu t e a n d p os s es s w it h in t en t t o d is t r ibu t e 5 0 gr a m s or m or e of cr a ck coca in e. S ee U n ited S ta tes v . A lv in G reen , 4 23 F .3d a t 1 187 ("T h e qu a n t it y of d r u gs w a s a lleged in t h e in d ict m en t a n d fou n d b y t h e ju r y beyon d a r ea s on a b le d ou bt ").T h e join t t r ia l d id n ot ch a n ge t h e gover n m en t 's bu r d e n of p r oof. G r e e n h a s s h ow n n e it h er er r or n or p r eju d ice in t h e t r ia l cou r t 's d en ia l of h is s ever a n ce m ot ion . T h u s , G r een 's a p p ella t e cou n s el a ct ed r ea s on a bly in n ot r a is in g t h e is s u e on a p p ea l. B. T ria l C ou n sel's F a ilu re to R equ est a S p ecia l J u ry I n st ru ction

G r een a ls o m a in t a in s h is a p p e lla t e cou n s e l w a s in e ffe ct ive be ca u s e h e fa iled t o a r gu e on a p p ea l t h a t t r ia l cou n s el w a s in effect ive in fa ilin g t o r eq u es t a s p ecia l ju r y in s t r u ct ion t o d et er m in e t h e qu a n t it y of d r u gs a t t r ibu t a b le t o h im . M O L a t 1 5,17-18. H ow ever t h e T en t h C ir cu it h a s h eld t h a t cla im s of in effect ive a s s is t a n ce s h ou ld n ot or d in a r ily be br ou gh t on d ir ect a p p ea l. S ee U n it ed S t a t es v . G a llow a y, 56 F .3d 1239, 1240 (10t h C ir . 1995) ("I n effect ive a s s is t a n ce of cou n s el cla im s s h ou ld be br ou gh t in colla t er a l p r oceed in gs , n ot on d ir ect a p p ea l. S u ch cla im s br ou gh t on d ir ect a p p ea l a r e p r e su m p t ively d is m is s ible, a n d vir t u a lly a ll w ill be d is m is s e d "). I t is u n cle a r w h y G r een d oes n ot p r es en t t h is is s u e a s a n ot h er a lleged in s t a n ce of in effect ive a s s is t a n ce b y h is t r ia l cou n s el. B u t even s o con s t r u ed , h is P a ge 20 of 22

Case 1:01-cr-00214-WYD

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a r gu m en t h a s n o m er it . As s h ow n a bove, t h e ju r y w a s r equ ir ed t o fin d t h e q u a n t it y of d r u gs a t t r ibu t a ble t o G r een . T h u s , h is t r ia l cou n s el cou ld n ot h a ve b een in effect ive in fa ilin g t o s eek a s p ecia l ver d ict . C o n c lu s i o n D e fen d a n t 's m ot ion t o va ca t e h is con vict ion a n d s e n t e n ce u n d e r 2 8 U .S .C . § 2 255 s h ou ld b e d en ied . B eca u s e t h e r ecor d clea r ly s h ow s t h a t G r een 's cla im s h a ve n o m er it , h e is n ot en t it led t o a n evid en t ia r y h ea r in g. S ee U n it ed S t a t es v . L op ez , 1 00 F .3d 113, 121 (10t h C ir . 1996). R es p ect fu lly S u bm it t ed , T R O Y A. E I D U n it e d S t a t e s At t or n e y s / J a m es C . M u r p h y B y: J a m es C . M u r p h y As s is t a n t U n it ed S t a t es At t or n ey 1225 S e ve n t e e n t h S t r e e t , S u it e 7 0 0 D e n ve r , C olor a d o 80202 T e le p h on e :(303) 454-0100 F a x: (303) 454-0404 E -m a il: ja m es .m u r p h y3@u s d oj.gov C ou n s el for P la in t iff U n it ed S t a t es of Am er ica

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Case 1:01-cr-00214-WYD

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U N IT E D S T AT E S D IS T R IC T C O U R T F O R T H E D IS T R IC T O F C O L O R AD O C E R T IF IC AT E O F S E R VIC E (C M /E C F ) I h e r eby cer t ify t h a t on Ap r il 12, 2007, I e le ct r on ica lly file d t h e for e goin g w it h t h e C ler k of C ou r t u s in g t h e E C F s ys t e m w h ich w ill s e n d n ot ifica t ion of s u ch filin g t o t h e follow in g e-m a il a d d r es s es : Vin ce n t J a m es O liver Vjoliver la w yer @cs .com

T R O Y A. E I D U n it e d S t a t e s At t or n e y s / J a m es C . M u r p h y B y: J a m es C . M u r p h y As s is t a n t U n it ed S t a t es At t or n ey 1225 S e ve n t e e n t h S t r e e t , S u it e 7 0 0 D e n ve r , C olor a d o 80202 T e le p h on e :(303) 454-0100 F a x: (303) 454-0404 E -m a il: ja m es .m u r p h y3 @u s d oj.gov C ou n s el for P la in t iff U n it ed S t a t es of Am er ica

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