Free Declaration - District Court of Delaware - Delaware

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on June 13, 2008, I caused the foregoing to be electronically filed with the Clerk of the Court using CM/ECF, which will send notification of such filing to: Frederick L. Cottrell, III, Esquire Steven J. Fineman, Esquire RICHARDS, LAYTON & FINGER, P.A. Richard D. Kirk, Esquire BAYARD, P.A. Mary W. Bourke, Esquire CONNOLLY BOVE LODGE & HUTZ LLP I further certify that I caused to be served copies of the foregoing document on June 13, 2008, upon the following in the manner indicated: Frederick L. Cottrell, III, Esquire Steven J. Fineman, Esquire RICHARDS, LAYTON & FINGER, P.A. One Rodney Square Wilmington, DE 19801 Edgar H. Haug, Esquire Robert E. Colletti, Esquire FROMMER LAWRENCE & HAUG LLP 745 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10151 Richard D. Kirk, Esquire BAYARD, P.A. 222 Delaware Avenue Suite 900 Wilmington, DE 19801 Mary W. Bourke, Esquire CONNOLLY BOVE LODGE & HUTZ LLP The Nermours Building 1007 North Orange Street Wilmington, DE 19801 VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL AND HAND DELIVERY

VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL

VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL AND HAND DELIVERY

VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL AND HAND DELIVERY

/s/ Rodger D. Smith II
Rodger D. Smith II (#3778)

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EXHIBIT 1

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CURRICULUM VITAE
Martyn Christopher Davies BSc PhD FRPharmS CChem FRSC Professor in Biomedical Surface Chemistry Director, Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Professor Martyn Christopher Davies BSc PhD
Male: British; 50 years of age; Born 6th February, 1957 in Pontypridd, South Wales. Married Lesley Anne Davies MRPharmS, 23rd May 1987. We have two children, Benjamin Tomus (17yrs) and Bethan Lucy Penelope (16yrs).

BUSINESS ADDRESS Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis School of Pharmacy The University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD Tel: Fax: 0115 951 5063 0115 951 5110

HOME ADDRESS 59 Cropwell Road Radcliffe on Trent Nottingham NG12 2JG

E-mail: [email protected]

EDUCATION
1977-1980 BSc (1st Class) at the Department of Pharmacy, Brighton Polytechnic final year project on "Applications of Synthetic Biomedical Polymers in Advanced Drug Delivery" (with Professor C Marriott). 1981-1984 PhD studies on the Surface Energetics of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, entitled "Properties of aqueous film coatings". (Supervisor - Professor J M Newton) at the Chelsea School of Pharmacy, Kings College, University of London, awarded 1985.

EMPLOYMENT RECORD
1981 Pre-registration pharmacy graduate at Pharmacy Department, University College Hospital, London (six months), and Research and Development Department, Roche Products Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Herts (six months).

1984-1985 Department of Pharmacy, University of Manchester. Temporary Lecturer with responsibilities for teaching physical chemistry.

1985-1991 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham. Lectureship in Drug Delivery. 1991-1996 Readership in Biomedical Surface Chemistry.

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1996-

Professor of Biomedical Surface Chemistry

1999-2000 Deputy Head of School of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2000-2003 Head, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Pharmacy School

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION
(A) DISTINCTIONS AND PRIZES

1980 Awarded the Edmund White prize for Best Pharmacy student of the final year at Brighton Polytechnic in June 1980. 1988 Recipient of the 1988 Pharmatec prize ($5,000) for novel work in the Pharmaceutical Sciences in recognition of my surface analysis studies. 1991 Recipient of one of the five 1991 Pfizer Academic Awards in recognition of the excellence of my recently published research (£5,000). The citation reads "For his contribution to the structural characterization of pharmaceuticals and biomaterials through surface analysis to optimize the rational design of drug delivery systems". 1994 Recipient of the UK ESCA Users' Group Science Prize. The citation reads "for work which has been judged to be of outstanding quality and an important contribution to the field of surface science". 1997 Recipient of Controlled Release Society's Young Investigator Award in recognition for my studies on probing biomolecular interactions with materials using surface analytical techniques. 2000 Science Chairman, Millennium Meeting British Pharmaceutical Conference, Birmingham International Conference Centre (1700 attendees). 2001 Scientific Secretary, Controlled Release Society. 2003 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Recipient of the GlaxoSmithKline International Achievement Award 2003 presented at the British Pharmaceutical Conference September 2003 Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 2005 Member for RAE 2008 Pharmacy Sub-Panel 2007 The Queen's Awards for Enterprise: Innovation 2007. Awarded to Molecular Profiles and The Pharmacy School in recognition for continuous innovation.

Our Group has attracted recognition from within the University being chosen to host visits from dignitaries (The Secretaries of State for Education and Trade and Industries - John Patten and Michael Heseltine; The Chief Scientific Officer to the Cabinet; Sir Mark Richmond; Sir Richard Sykes, Chairman of GlaxoSmithKline on opening of the GSK Nanotechnology Laboratory; Professor Aaron Klug, President of Royal Society on occasion of opening Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Chief Executive of the

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BBSRC - Professor R Baker; Science Minister - Lord Sainsbury) reviewing technology transfer exploitation within the School and to advertise the research profile of the University, the City and DTI Link Schemes by contributions in scientific brochures. The Group contributed by invitation to an Exhibition on Nanotechnology at the Science Museum and have been invited to be hosts of a number of national scientific and professional meetings.

(B)

INVITATIONS TO ADDRESS CONFERENCES AND LEARNED SOCIETIES

Over the last eighteen years, I have had a number of invitations to address conferences and learned societies at a national and international level. A selection are shown below: 1987 1988 1989 Surface analysis techniques, Drug Delivery Workshop, Controlled Release Society, Virginia, USA. Surface Characterization of Biomaterials, American Chemical Society, Surface and Colloid Science division, Ann Arbor, USA. Spectroscopy of Polymers, a Royal Society of Chemistry (MACRO Group) Meeting in honour of Professor Irwin, Grasmere. Life Science Group, Eastman Kodak Laboratories, Rochester, USA. Biomaterials Symposium, University of Toronto, Canada. Surface Characterization of Pharmaceuticals, Royal Society of Chemistry meeting, Bradford University. Interfaces in Biomaterials Sciences, European Materials Conference, Strasbourg, France. Polymer Latex 89, Rubber and Plastics Research Association, London. New Analytical Techniques for Polymer Analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry meeting, Loughborough University. 10th Celebration meeting, UK ESCA User Group, ICI Advanced Materials Centre, Wilton, Middlesborough. Characterization of Macromolecules used as Pharmaceutical Excipients, Swedish Academy of Sciences, Gothenburg. Polymer surfaces, American Chemical Society symposium, Boston, USA. STM of biomolecules, Royal Society of Chemistry meeting, Nottingham University. Technical Forum, 3M, Loughborough. Polymer Surface and Interfaces II, Royal Society of Chemistry and MACRO group meeting, Durham University. Surface science in the 1990's, UKESCA Users Group, Surrey University. Polymer surface analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry meeting, UMIST. Surfaces and properties of biomaterials, Joint Kodak/CSMA meeting, UMIST. Surface analysis of biomaterials, World Congress of Biomaterials, Germany. Molecular Surfaces symposium, American Vacuum Society, Germany. Science Link, National Association of British Science, University of Keele. Biomaterial Interfaces Symposium, American Chemical Society Meeting, Chicago, USA. AMES Symposium, Department of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh.

1990

-

1991

-

1992

-

1993

-

1994

-

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Visiting Lecture Programme, sponsored by Courtaulds Group Research. Interactions at Surfaces, Royal Society of Chemistry Symposium, Imperial College, University of London. Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich. Biomedical Polymer Surfaces Symposium, American Chemical Society, Anaheim. Surface Contamination Meeting, Centre for Material and Surface Analysis, Manchester, September. New Opportunities in Surface Science, Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Surface Science, University of Liverpool, October. Biomaterial Interfaces at the Nanoscale, American Vacuum Society, Minneapolis, November. Groupe Thematique de Recherche sur les Vecteurs, National French Advanced Drug Delivery Society, Agen, December. Colloids Characterization Symposium, International Pharmaceutical Association, March 7 - 9, Mainz, Germany. American Chemical Society symposium, San Francisco, April 1997. Surface analysis of biomaterials, ECASIA 97, Gothenburg, June 1997 Biocolloids, Royal Soceity of Chemistry-Faraday Division, University of East Anglia, April 1998. 5 th General Meeting of the Belgian Polymer Group, Universiteit Gent, Ooestende. May 14th-15th 1998 Israel Controlled Release Society, Jerusalem, September 1998. The 3rd International Symposium on Frontiers in Biomedical Polymers including Polymer Therapeutics, Hotel Lake Biwa, May 23rd27th Japan. SIMS XII International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Related Topics, Brussels, September 5th-10th 1999. Millennium Microscopy Meeting, Open University, Middlesex, February 3rd-4th 2000 Institute of Physics Congress, Brighton, March 27th-30th 2000. (Dr CJ Roberts deputised) Croucher Foundation Advanced Study Institute in Frontiers in Surface Analysis and their novel applications, Hong Kong May 14th19th 2000 (Dr PM Williams deputised) 10th International Conference on Colloid and Interface Science, Bristol, 23rd-28th July 2000. Millennium Science Conference of Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Birmingham International Conference Centre, September 10-13th, 2000. 47th International Symposium American Vacuum Society, Boston MA, October 2nd-6th 2000. Special Interest Group Research of the Institute of Food Science & Technology, South Bank University, London 11th October 2000 (Dr PM Williams deputised). 10th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, Salt Lake City, 19th-22nd February 2001. 6th International Symposium on Polymers for Advanced Technology, Jerusalem, 3rd-7th September 2001 AAPS 2001 Annual Meeting, Colorado, USA, 21st-25th October 2001.

1995

-

1996

-

1997

-

1998

1999

-

-

2000

-

-

-

2001

-

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2002

-

5th International Symposium on Polymer Therapeutics: From Laboratory to Clinical Practice, Wales, 3rd-5th January 2002 29th Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, Seoul, Korea, 20-25 July 2002 AstraZeneca STAT Complex Parenterals Symposium, Macclesfield Joint CRS-Utah Polymer Therapeutics Meeting ­ Biomolecular interactions in drug delivery, March 3rd-6th 2003 PITTCON 2003 ­ Advances in Scanning Force Microscopy: Towards Molecular Recognition Imaging" Symposium, Orlando, USA, 8th-14th March 2003 (Dr P M Williams deputized) 30th Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, Glasgow, 19th-23rd July 2003 RSC Biological Interactions at Surfaces:Chemistry and Biomaterials Workshop, London, 15th January 2004 31st Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, Hawaii, 12th-16th June 2004 IUPAC 40th International Symposium on Macromolecules, Paris 4th-9th July 2004 51st American Vacuum Society Symposium, Anaheim, USA, 14th-19th November 2004 BioLiège Bioforum, Liège, Belgium, 30th November 2004 Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association, Melbourne, 4th-7th December 2004 12th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, Salt Lake City, 21st-24th February 2005 32nd Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, Miami, 20th-22nd June 2005 First International Symposium on Biointerface Science, New Bern, USA,12th-14th May 2005 3rd Nanomedicine Conference, Baltimore, 25th-27th September 2005 Celebrating 30 Years of Robert Langer's Science, Boston, 14th July 2006 Gordon Research Conference, Montana 20-25th August 2006 Immobilization of drugs onto polymer substrates and controlled drugs release, Iasi, Romania 2006 29th Macromolecular Symposium, Hamburg, 1st-4th October 2006

2003

-

-

2004 -

2005 2006 -

I have also presented seminars at a number of UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES INCLUDING: Materials Science Chemistry Pharmacy - Surrey, Sheffield and London (Queen Mary and Westfield) Universities. - Edinburgh, UMIST, Nottingham, Reading, Bristol and Gent Universities - Manchester, Nottingham, UMIST, Strathclyde, Bath, Aston, Cardiff, Marburg, Utah, Regensburg and London (Kings College and The School of Pharmacy) Universities. - Keele University - The Randall Institute, Kings College, London University The Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge

Biochemistry Biophysics Physics University

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I have also presented lectures to a number of research groups within the Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry including Ciba Geigy, Cyanamid, Glaxo, Merck, Sharp and Dohme, Courtaulds, SmithKline Beecham, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca and Roche.

(C) EXTERNAL EXAMINERSHIPS AND REFEREE DUTIES
(I) EXTERNAL EXAMINER - UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
1993-1997 - Physical and Surface Chemistry, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology and Advanced Drug Delivery modules of the BPharm degree, The School of Pharmacy, Kings College, University of London. 2003-2007 - MSc Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, King's College London 2003-2007 - The School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia 2004-2007 - The School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath

(II)

EXTERNAL EXAMINER - POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
External PhD examiner at the following Departments and Universities: Pharmacy University of Wales at Cardiff. University of Bath University of Belfast Kings College, University of London (4) University of East Anglia

Chemistry

- University of Durham (2) - University of Southampton (MPhil) - University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (2) - University of Coleraine - Sheffield Hallam University - Catholic University of Louvain - HH Wills Laboratories, University of Bristol (2) - DeMontfort University - The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge (2) - University of Sheffield (3) - University of Surrey - Imperial College, London

Physics

Biotechnology Materials Sci.

Chemical Engineering

I have also acted as internal examiner to numerous PhD viva-voce examinations within the School of Pharmacy.

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(III) REFEREE - JOURNALS
I regularly act as a referee for a variety of surface, analytical, biomaterials, biophysical and pharmaceutical journals including: Analytical Chemistry, Colloids and Surfaces, Surface and Interface Analysis, Biomaterials, Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, Pharmaceutical Research, Journal of Microscopy, Carbohydrate Polymers, Biomaterials, Journal of Controlled Release, Macromolecules, Langmuir and Materials in Medicine.

(IV)

REFEREE - RESEARCH GRANTS

Since 1987, I have been asked to act as referee for numerous grant applications: BBSRC, EPSRC, AFRC, Leverhulme Trust, The Welcome Trust and Medical Research Council. I was a member of the Medical Engineering Subcommittee, Materials Commission, EPSRC (1995-1997). I am a member of the EPSRC Life Sciences College (1999-). RPSGB Academic Excellence Awards Panel member (2006)

(V)

CONFERENCE/MEETING ORGANISATION SINCE 1990

1990 Co-organiser and host of Royal Society of Chemistry Biological Methods Group "1st UK International Meeting on Biological Applications of STM". Nottingham 23-24th September 1990 (165 Participants). 1993 Co-organiser and host for Department of Trade and Industry "New Business Opportunities in Nanotechnology and Biosciences Workshop" on "Scanning Probe Microscopy". Nottingham 1st September 1993 (15 participants). 1994 Organiser and host of UK ESCA User Group Meeting "Honey, I shrunk the sample", Nottingham 14th January 1994 (115 participants). Co-organiser and host of Royal Society of Chemistry Biological Methods Group Meeting on "Surface Plasmon Resonance: current applications and new horizons". Nottingham 11th July 1994 (80 participants). 1995 Co-organiser and host, Inaugural UK Controlled Release Society Meeting "Controlled Release in the UK - current perspectives and future horizons", Nottingham, Jan 9th, 1995 (140 participants) Co-organiser of Controlled Release Society Meeting Workshop "Novel approaches to biomaterials characterisation", Seattle, July 30th - August 2nd 1995.

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Organiser and host of the Royal Microscopic Society "Scanning Probe Microscopy", Nottingham, April 24-25th, 1995 Co-organiser and host of the EPSRC Nanotechnology Meeting "Biological Applications of Nanotechnology", Nottingham, June, 1995. Member of Organising Committee, European Biomaterials Conference, Porto, September 1995. 2000 Science Chairman, Millennium meeting of British Pharmaceutical Conference, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Birmingham International Convention Centre, September 2000 (1700 attendees). Co-organiser (with Dr Jane Lawrence, Kings College, University of London), Biological Sessions, and Member of Organising Committee, 10th International Conference on Colloid & Interface Science, Bristol, June 2000 (150-200 attendees in sessions). Symposium Session Organiser, "The Genomic Revolution; an update"; British Pharmaceutical Conference, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Glasgow Conference Centre, September 2001. 2001 Member of Advisory Board for the 5th International Symposium on Polymer Therapeutics: From Laboratory to Clinical Practice (with Ruth Duncan and Helmut Ringsdorf & International Advisory Committee), Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University 3-5 January 2002. 2002 Scientific Secretary, 29th Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, July 20-25, Seoul, Korea Organising Committee and Session Chair, Surface Engineering for Competitive Advantage, Advanced Materials Research Institute 2003 Programme Organising (with J Kopeck, K Park, J Anderson, S-J Lee), Joint CRSUtah Polymer Therapeutics Meeting, March 3-5 Scientific Secretary, 30th Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, July 1923, Glasgow Special Drug Delivery Session in Honour of Bob Davis, British Pharmaceutical Conference, Harrogate, September 15-17 2004 Scientific Secretary, 31st Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, 12th16th June 2004, Hawaii, USA 2005 Organising Committee, 3rd Symposium on Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery, October 2005, Baltimore Scientific Secretary, 32nd Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, 2022nd June, Miami, USA 2006 Scientific Secretary, 33rd Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, Vienna, 22nd-6th July 2006 Organising Committee, 4th International Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Symposium, Omaha, 8-10th October 2006 2007 Scientific Secretary, 34th Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, Long Beach, 7th-12th July 2007

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2008 Scientific Secretary, 35th Annual Meeting Controlled Release Society, New York, 12th-16th July 2008

(VI) SERVICE TO PROFESSIONAL AND LEARNED SOCIETIES
Member of UK ESCA Users Group Committee (1991-95) Founder of the UK Controlled Release Society, Acting-Chairman of the Steering Committee, Elected Secretary (1994-97); Organiser of Inaugural Meeting. Member of the Controlled Release Society Best Conference Paper Committee (1993-96) and Global Chapters Committee (1994-7) Member of the Biomaterial Interfaces Committee of the American Vacuum Society (1994-99; 2000-). Member of the Board of Governors, Controlled Release Society (1997-2000) Member, National Initiative Drug Delivery, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (1998-). Member, Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Science Committees, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (1998-2000) Member, Science Committee, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (1999-2001). Scientific Secretary and Member of Board, Controlled Release Society (2001-) Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (2003-) Member, Acadamy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Advisory Board (2003-) Member, Royal Society of Medicine (2007-)

(VII) MEMBERSHIP OF EDITORIAL BOARDS
Editor: Nanobiology (1993-1999) Guest Editor: The Analyst (1994: Scanning Probe Microscopy Edition) Editorial Board: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2000-), European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2001-), Journal of Controlled Release (2004-

(VII) MEMBERSHIP OF LEARNED SOCIETIES
Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Royal Society of Chemistry, Royal Society of Medicine, American Chemical Society, American Vacuum Society, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Controlled Release Society, Royal Microscopic Society, UK Academy of Pharmaceutical Scientists, UK ESCA and SPM User Groups

(VIII) DIRECTORSHIPS & INDUSTRIAL ADVISORY BOARDS
CO-Founder, Director and Chairman, Molecular Profiles Limited (1998-). Co-Founder of Regentec Limited (2001-) Director, Critical Pharmaceuticals Limited (2007-)

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DEPARTMENTAL and UNIVERSITY DUTIES
DEPARTMENT DUTIES ·
· · · · · · · · · · · · Head, The Pharmacy School and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (20002003) Deputy-Head, School of Pharmacy (1997-2000) Chair, Departmental Postgraduate Committee (1997-9) Chair, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Development Committee (19972000) Department Postgraduate Tutor (1989-96) Member, Department Management Group (1995-) Coordinator, Drug Delivery section of undergraduate course (1985-96) Member, Departmental Strategy Group (1993-) Member, Course Review Committee (1993-98) Member, Curriculum Review Committee (1994-97) Member, Research Committee, Teaching Quality Audit (1993-99) Undergraduate admissions (1985-) Academic Tutor and Mentor (1985-)

UNIVERSITY DUTIES
· · · · · · · · · Vice Dean, Health Sciences, Life Sciences and Agricultural Division (43 Depts) Nottingham University Graduate School (1995-97) Chair, University Postgraduate Training Committee (1996-98) Member of 19 University Appointment Boards for lectureships and Professorial chairs (1987-) Member, University Student Affairs Committee (1995-97) Member, Science, Agricultural and Medical Postgraduate Studies Committees (1995-1998) Member, Strategy Group for Information Services Committee (1999-2003). Member, Materials Strategy Committee (1998-2001). Member, Technical Grading Panel (2000-2003) Member, Senate (2000-2003)

RESEARCH SUPERVISION
(A) POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS (8 CURRENT; OVER 67 SINCE 1985)

From 1986, I have co-supervised over 60 PhD students to successfully complete and defend their PhD thesis. Many have gone onto postdoctoral fellowships (including Nottingham (4), Cambridge, Strathclyde, Surrey, London, MIT, ETH (Zurich), University of Washington, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Michigan), many hold prominent posts within the Pharmaceutical, Chemical, Polymer & Diagnostics Industries and 1 has moved successfully into Pharmacy Management. My first student is now Director for Drug Delivery of a multinational pharmaceutical company. I am currently co-supervising 8 PhD students (2, 4, 2 in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year respectively).

(B)

POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH WORKERS (6 CURRENT, OVER 37 SINCE 1985)

I have co-supervised more than 37 postdoctoral fellows since 1985 whose previous scientific training ranged from Biochemistry, Surface Science, Polymer Chemistry,

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Electronic Engineering, Biophysics, Physics, Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. I am proud that 15 have moved onto academic postions in University Science (7) and Pharmacy (8) Departments and three hold personal chairs (Professors) in RAE grade 5 Schools. Some have moved onto further prestigious postdoctoral fellowships, where 2 have been awarded a BBSRC Advanced Training Fellowship and 2 have been awarded an EPSRC Advanced Training Fellowship. I currently co-supervise the work of 6 postdoctoral research fellows within my research group.

RESEARCH GRANTS and CONTRACTS
(I)
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

SPECIAL RESEARCH STUDENTSHIPS AWARDED
SERC Quota studentship. 2 SERC Quota studentships. 2 SERC Case awards with Cyanamid and Polymer Laboratories. 2 SERC Instant and 2 SERC Quota awards. 2 SERC Quotas and 1 SERC Instant award. SERC Case award with Celltech, 1 EEC Brite awards, and 1 from industry (Dow). 2 EEC Brite awards, 1 MAFF/DTI award and 2 from industry (Viggo, Kelco). SERC Quota award, 1 EEC Brite award and 1 MAFF/DTI award. 1 EEC Brite awards, 1 SERC Case award with SmithKlineBeecham and one award from industry (Courtaulds) 1 SERC Case Award with Kodak Ltd, SERC Quota award and one award from industry (Alpha Beta Ltd) 1 BBSRC Quota award, 2 Departmental CASE awards (Oxford Molecular Ltd and SmithKline Beecham), one award from industry (Lilly Group Research) 2 BBSRC Quota awards and 2 BBSRC Case awards (SmithKline Beecham and Severn Trent) BBSRC Quota awards, 1 BBSRC and EPSRC Case awards (SmithKline Beecham and Biocompatibles Ltd). 1 special EPSRC studentship unfilled. BBSRC Quota award and EPSRC Case Awards (Smithkline Beecham) and 2 University awards. BBSRC Case award (Glaxo Wellcome) BBSRC Case award (Biocompatibles) 1 BBSRC Quota award, 1 BBSRC Committee Studentship ­ "Nanometrescale surface chemical characterization of engineered biomimetic materials" BBSRC Committee Studentship ­ "Molecular-scale characterization of Gene Therapy Delivery Systems" BBSRC Case Award (GlaxoSmithKline), EPSRC Case Award (Avecia) BBSRC Strategic Studentship "Nanoscale analysis of polymer microarrays for biomaterial stem cell interaction"

2002 2003 2005

-

(II)

GENERAL RESEARCH AWARDS

The detailed list of the general research awards obtained since 1985 is shown below. Most are collaborative with grants with colleagues in the Laboratory of Biophysics & Surface Analysis. No contract research awards are shown.

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1986

£2,000

Nuffield Foundation Award. "The surface analysis of oral vaccines". SERC, award for studies at SERC regional centre,"Surface analysis of biomaterials and pharmaceuticals with SIMS". SERC, "ToF-SIMS analysis of protein adsorption". SERC, "Colloidal carriers for drug targeting", (cooperative award with ICI Pharmaceuticals); (with Prof S S Davis). Reckitt and Colman, "Novel microparticulate systems for oral drug delivery". Cyanamid, "Polymer-drug-conjugates", (with Drs P.N.Shaw and I.S.Blagbrough). Polymer Laboratories "Immobilization of biomolecules to colloid surfaces". Pharmatec "Controlled release of drugs from polymeric matrices", (with Dr C.D.Melia and Prof S.S.Davis). MRC, "Colloidal systems for aids vaccine" (with Dr P Williams and Prof S S Davis). WHO, "Particulate systems as oral vaccines" (with Dr P Williams and Prof S S Davis). SERC Grant "The Selective Delivery of Drug Carriers to Bone Marrow" (with Prof SS Davis and Dr PM Williams) Reckitt and Colman "Novel microparticulate systems for oral drug delivery", (with Drs C Wilson and CD Melia). Courtaulds Research, contribution towards SERC Case award, "FT-Raman spectroscopy of biomaterials". SERC, "ToF-SIMS analysis of polymeric biomaterials and pharmaceuticals". SERC, (1989-1992) "Drug targeting to tissue sites using colloidal delivery systems: phase 2 Biodegradable colloids" (with Profs SS Davis and L Illum) SERC, "SIMS analysis of biomaterials"(with Profs SS Davis and JV Wood). SERC, "Novel microparticles for colonic drug delivery", (cooperative award with Reckitt and Colman); (with Drs CD Melia, CG Wilson and R Spiller). Dow (Europe) "Controlled release of drugs from novel polymer systems", (with Dr CD Melia). SERC, "Biodegradable colloids for drug targeting", (cooperative award with ICI Pharmaceuticals); (with Prof SS Davis).

£4,290

1987

£36,205 £41,000

£23,500

£9,000

£7,000 £42,000

1988

£60,000

£30,000

£67,775

1989

£15,000

£5,000

£33,950

£67,653

1990

£40,000

£46,000

£32,000

£52,000

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£80,000

EEC BRITE award, "Surface analysis of hydroxyapatite biomaterials coatings". EEC BRITE award "Novel surface coatings for colloidal particulates", (with Prof SS Davis). Celltech "STM of monoclonal antibodies", (with Dr SJB Tendler).

£620,000

£6,000 1991

£1,032,000 MAFF/DTI /LINK Scheme "The hydration of food and pharmaceutical systems in food and pharmaceutical industries" (with Drs CD Melia, DE Jackson and J Mitchell). £58,000 SERC "Surface characterization and chromatographic behaviour of alkyl bonded silaceous chromatographic materials", (with Drs P N Shaw and D Barrett). SERC/DTI LINK scheme "The development of scanning tunnelling microscopy into a biophysical tool for the investigation of protein structure and function" with VG Microtech and Glaxo Group Research (with Drs S J B Tendler and D E Jackson). Kelco International "A study of hydrophilic characteristics of alginate and xanthan"(with Drs J R Mitchell and C D Melia). Viggo-Spectramed "Surface interaction of drugs with polymers". Dow (Europe), additional funds for the project, "Controlled release of drugs from novel polymer systems", (with Dr C.D.Melia). SERC Teaching company scheme "Colon drug delivery" (with Drs Spiller, Wiseman, and Haresign) with Danbiosyst. EEC BRITE award "Design and evaluation of a heparin adsorbing filter for application in extracorporeal haemodialysis" in collaboration with the Universities of Gent and Brescia [At Nottingham]. EEC BRITE award "The development of improved biocompatible materials for urological and other medical devices" in collaboration with Kodak Ltd, Fidia spa, Universities of Naples, Brighton and Gent and St Bartholomews Hospital. [At Nottingham] SERC/DTI LINK scheme, Nanotechnology initiative "The development of atomic force microscopy for biomedical applications in nanotechnology" with Kodak Ltd, VG Microtech, and Oxford Molecular. Equipment donated by Hewlett Packard (with Drs S J B Tendler and D E Jackson). SERC "Surface modification of porous graphitic carbon as a chromatographic support for the separation of chiral and polar compounds" with Shandon Scientific (with Drs P N Shaw and D Barrett).

£420,000

£91,000

£39,000

£15,000

1992

£111,640

£87,000

£140,000

1993

£742,000

£82,798

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£45,000

SERC "An integrated surface plasmon resonance / scanning probe microscope for biomolecular analysis" (with Drs S J B Tendler and D E Jackson). Courtaulds "Studentship to study the surface analysis of surfactant adsorption at polymer films" (with Dr S J B Tendler). SERC Case Award with SmithKline Beecham "Scanning probe microscopy of biomolecular structure and function" (with Dr S J BTendler). SERC "Novel polymer support materials for the chromatographic separation of biomolecules" with Polymer Laboratories (with Drs P N Shaw and D Barrett). Alpha-Beta Ltd "Studentship on Scanning Probe Microscopy studies of novel polysaccharides" (with Dr S J B Tendler). EPSRC (1995-1997) "Novel algorithms for the investigation and reconstruction of surface structure by scanning probe microscopy" (with S J B Tendler and C J Roberts). Lilly Group Research (1995-1998) "Scanning probe microscopy of biomolecular structure" (with S J B Tendler and C J Roberts). BBSRC, "Chromatographic materials for the specific separation of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids" (with Drs P N Shaw and D A Barrett). EPSRC Project Grant (1995-1997) "Probing forces of molecular interactions" (with SJB Tendler and CJ Roberts). Oxford Molecular/University of Nottingham (1995-1998) "Computational investigations of scanning probe microscopy" (with S J B Tendler and C.J.Roberts). EPSRC Project Grant (1995-1999) "The development of a unique imaging TOFSIMS instrument with femtosecond laser positionization capability" (with Prof JC Vickerman and Drs CM Carr and GJ Leggett) EPSRC (1996-1998) "The development of advanced analytical tools for the rapid screening of immobilized combinatorial libraries" (with S.J.B.Tendler and C.J. Roberts). Cancer Research Campaign Programme Grant (1996-2000) "SPM Studies of drug-DNA interactions" (with S.J.B.Tendler and M.F.G. Stevens). BBSRC Equipment and Industry Initiative "The development of a near-field optical probe technology into a biophysical tool for the study of biomolecular and biological systems". BBSRC £106,000, Topometrix Corporation £106,000.(with S.J.B.Tendler and C.J. Roberts).

£37,748

£36,000

1994

£144,911

£36,000

1995

£54,855

£38,000

£126,136

£24,641

£36,000

£472,974

1996

£150,521

£160,000

£212,000

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£151,456

BBSRC Project Grant (1996-1999) "Probing and optimising immunosensor surfaces at the molecular level" (with S.J.B.Tendler, C.J. Roberts and Johnson and Johnson Clinical Diagnostics). Hewlett-Packard Instrument Donation (1996-1997) "Computational algorithms for scanning probe microscopy analysis" (with S.J.B.Tendler, C.J. Roberts and P.M. Williams). EPSRC Project Grant (1996-1997) "The characterization of refractive index in thin films to nanometre spatial resolution" (with S.J.B.Tendler, P.M. Williams and C.J. Roberts). SmithKline Beecham plc (1996-1999) "Scanning probe microscopy studies of biomolecular structure and function" (with S.J.B.Tendler and C.J. Roberts). Severn Trent plc (1996-1999) "Electrokinetic analysis applications in pharmaceutical analysis" (with S.J.B.Tendler and C.J. Roberts). Action Research (1996-1999) " The role of protein interactions with novel polymers used in tissue repair" (with S.J.B.Tendler, S Downes and C.J.Roberts). Royal Society Paul Instrument Fund (1996-1997) "For the construction of a quantitative intermolecular force sensor" (with S.J.B.Tendler and C.J. Roberts). Elan Corporation (1996-1997) "Surface Chemistry of peptide grafted polymer surfaces" (with S J B Tendler and C.J.Roberts). BBSRC Project Grant (1997-2000) "Atomic force microscopy characterisation of the molecular forces of adhesion in nucleic acids" (with S J B Tendler, C J Roberts and C Laughton). BBSRC Project Grant (1997-2001) "The study of biomolecular and biomedical systems by near-field optical microscopy" (with S J B Tendler, C J Roberts and P M Williams). BBSRC Link Scheme (Analytical Biotechnology Initiative) (1997-2001) "Two-dimensional mapping of molecular interactions at the interfaces of next generation immunoassay systems" £230,000 BBSRC, £264,000 Johnson and Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, £60,000 Digital Instruments/LOT Oriel. (with S J B Tendler, C.J. Roberts and P.M. Williams). Glaxo Wellcome Project Grant (1997-1998) "Biophysical evaluation of DNA-Lipid complexes" (with P M Williams, C J Roberts and S J B Tendler). SmithKline Beecham plc (1997-2000) "Surface characterization of drug crystals using novel atomic force

£60,000

£25,333

£14,000

£15,000

£104,833

£30,000

£47,413

1997

£132,684

£145, 656

£554,000

£59,129

£14,000

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microscopy techniques" (with S J B Tendler, P.M.Williams and C.J. Roberts). £15,000 Biocompatibles plc (1997-2000) "SPM studies of biocompatible surfaces" (with S J B Tendler, P.M. Williams and C.J. Roberts). EU Human Captital Mobility Award "Study of Biointeractions at ECU functionalized polymeric surfaces" (with S.J.B.Tendler, C.J. Roberts and S O Vansteenkiste, Universiteit Gent, Belgium ). BBSRC Special Studentship (1997-2000) "Regulation of peptide epitope and mimotope recognition by antibodies (with SJB Tendler and MR Price). BBSRC Project Grant (1999-2000), "The study of biomolecular and biomedical surfaces by near-field optical microscopy" (with SJB Tendler and CJ Roberts). EU BRITE- EURAM Programme "Lipostin". Partners ECU include Universities of Brighton, Gent, Naples and Milan (with S Howdle). Elan Corporation Project Grant "Surface Chemistry of peptide grafted polymer surfaces II" (with SJB Tendler, PM Williams and CJ Roberts). BBSRC Project Grant (1998-2001) "Spatially controlled cell engineering: A strategy to control nervous tissue microarchitecture" (with K Shakesheff, SJB Tendler, PM Williams and CJ Roberts). University of Nottingham, Research Committee "A bioengineering solution to the prevention of bacterial colonisation on biomaterials" (with K Shakesheff and Miguel Camara). EPSRC Project Grant (1998-2001) "Manufacturing of Biointeractive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering using Supercritical Fluid Technology" (with SM Howdle & Kevin Shakesheff). Oxford Molecular/BBSRC CASE Award (1998-2001) "Computational studies on biomolecular recognition" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts & PM Williams). Royal Pharmaceutical Society Studentship (1998-2001) "AFM studies of drug/DNA interactions" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts & PM Williams). BBSRC Special Studentship (1998-2001) "Near-field probe microscopy of micro-patterned biomolecular surfaces in aqueous environments" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts, & PM Williams).

45,812

£30,000

£147,121

1998

182,000

£43,000

£158,980

£13,200

£251,328

£15,000

£30,000

£30,000

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£30,000

University of Nottingham/Orthoclinical Diagnostics Studentship (1998-2001) "Manipulation of biomolecules by optical tweezers and probe microscopy in an epifluorescence optical microscope" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts & PM Williams). Royal Society Equipment Award (1998-1999) "Combined optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts & PM Williams). EPSRC Analytical Science Programme Project Grant (19982001) "Analysis of near-field optical contrast: Chemical sensing at the nanoscale" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts & PM Williams). EPSRC Project Grant (1999-2002) "Instrumentation for the spatial analysis of reactions at interfaces" (with PM Williams, Dr CJ Roberts, SJB Tendler, KM Shakesheff). BBSRC Project Grant (1999-2001) "The Dynamics of Biomolecules at Interfaces studied by Pulsed Force Atomic Force Microscopy" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts, PM Williams). EPSRC Industrial Studentship with SmithKline Beecham (1999-2002) "Initiation and growth of drug crystals" (with CJ Roberts, SJB Tendler, PM Williams, H Saibil, London). EPSRC Project Grant (1999-2002) "Manufacturing of biointeractive scaffolds for tissue engineering using super critical fluid technology" (with Profs S Howdle and KM Shakesheff). BBSRC Special Studentship (1999-2002) "3D reconstruction of structure" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts, PM Williams). Joint Infrastructure Fund (1999-2001) "New Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences" (with BW Bycroft (Principle applicant) and SJB Tendler). EPSRC Multi User Equipment Grant (2000-2002) "The thermal characterisation of materials at the sub-micron scale by scanning thermal microscopy" (with CJ Roberts, SJB Tendler, SM Howdle, KM Shakesheff, DM Grant, PM Williams, S Allen). BBSRC Project Grant (2000-2003) "Cryogenic Force Microscopy of Biomolecular Structure" (with SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts, PM Williams, S Allen, Oxford Instrument and SmithKline Beecham). BBSRC Project Grant (2000-2003) "The investigation of molecular interactions in ribonucleic acids" (with S Allen and SJB Tendler). EPSRC Strategic Equipment Initiative Grant "Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry" (with D Briggs & M Chesters). EPSRC Project Grant (2001-2004) "The development of a magnetically controlled force microscope, for high resolution

£9,762

£51,202

1999

£338,960

£173,648

£37,000

£251,328

£34,000

£2,200,00

2000

£223,123

£301,000

£153,540

2001

£365,000

£60,330

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single molecule force spectroscopy" (with S Allen, CJ Roberts, SJB Tendler, PM Williams). £348,903 EPSRC Project Grant (2001-2004) "The direct measurements of single macromolecule-membrane interactions" (with P O'Shea, & S Allen). BBSRC Grant (2001-2004) "Biomembrane force probe for mapping energy landscapes in protein interactions and folding" (with S Allen, SJB Tendler, P Williams & CJ Roberts). EPSRC Grant (2002-2005) "Characterisation of Surfaces, Thin Films and Nanometre Scale Structures by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy" (with D Briggs, SJB Tendler, CJ Roberts, KM Shakesheff, MA Chesters, SM Howdle, Dr P Moriarty). EU Marie Curie Training Site Status "Atomic Force Microscopy of Biomolecules & Materials Relevant to Healthcare" EPSRC Grant (2002-2005) "Biomimetic Fibres for Tissue Engineering" (with KM Shakesheff, CD Melia, D Briggs and C Ives). BBSRC Case Studentship with GlaxoSmithkline (2003-2006) EPSRC Case Studentship with Avecia (2003-2006) BBSRC Grant (2005-2008) "Defining nanoscale high throughput screening of stem cell - biomaterial interactions" BBSRC Strategic Studentship "Nanoscale analysis of polymer microarrays for biomaterial stem cell interaction" £324,976 EPSRC Grant (2005-2008) "Pico-Newton MEMS Technology for Biological Force Measurement" Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd (2006-2008) "Characterisation of solid dispersions" Nitto Denko Corporation (2006-2010) "Development of a novel nanoparticulate systems for mucosal delivery (nasal and buccal)" EPSRC (2006-2010) "Colloidal Cell Delivery Systems" (with C Alexander, K Shakesheff)

£229,428

2002

£653,331

£109,756

£253,703

2003

£24,000 £20,000

2005

£299,658

2006

£222,024

£558,000

£186,268

RESEARCH PROFILE
STATEMENT ON RESEARCH
Over the last fifteen years, I have built a strong multidisciplinary research team employing surface biophysical tools for investigating biomolecular structure and interactions, and the interfacial chemistry of biomaterials. This work is important in not only determining the molecular basis of disease but makes a major contribution to the design and understanding the performance of advanced biomedical devices including

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second generation biomaterials. Thirteen years ago, I established with a colleague, Professor Saul Tendler, the Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis which is sited within a purpose-built suite of laboratories in the JiF funded Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The Laboratory has a mixed portfolio of current research funding of circa £2.4M derived from the research councils, EU, government and industry. As the Laboratory Director, I assist in the supervision of the research activity of over 20 postgraduate and postdoctoral fellows with expertise in the biological, physical and chemical sciences. The Group has developed into one of the most prominent surface science groups within the UK, has a growing international reputation in the field of surface biomedical analysis and has many close collaborative links with leading international scientists working in the biomedical and surface fields. Research Achievements I believe our group is at the forefront in the exploitation of scanning probe microscopy for the molecular resolution imaging of wide variety of clinically important biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies. We are one of the first groups to report on the applications of SPM to study biomolecular self-assembly including the association of ßamyloid proteins in the formation of plaques observed in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease as part of a past collaboration with SmithKline Beecham. Molecular resolution imaging has revealed the dynamic architecture of gene therapy polymer-drug constructs in collaboration with Professor Tom Kissel (Marburg). Sustained BBSRC funding has also allowed the group to employ the AFM to measure individual forces involved in biomolecular and polymeric interactions eg individual antibody-antigen complexes. Force mapping of biomolecular interactions is now a key activity of the group including recent EPSRC funding to study biomolecular membranes, and DTI for metrology studies. As part of a previous DTI LINK programme with Glaxo Group Research, novel molecular graphics software has been developed to allow the direct correlation of SPM data with information available from other biophysical techniques. EPSRC funding sited this as a national facility via the WWW. I also believe our work has also made a major contribution to the molecular resolution imaging of biomolecules at surfaces which are either designed to promote highly selective recognition or those interfaces which have been constructed to minimise nonspecific interactions. As part of a completed DTI/EPSRC Link programme with Kodak Ltd and Fisons Ltd, and a separate multi-centre EU programme, we exploited this expertise in the evaluation of both protein-resistant and biomimetic polymer surfaces which are currently of importance in biomedical and biocompatibility research. In collaboration with Johnson and Johnson Clinical Diagnostics within a BBSRC Link Scheme, we demonstrated the powerful role of the surface techniques in monitoring individual antigen-antibody interactions on microtitre and immunosensors. Parallel EPSRC/BBSRC funded studies probed the molecular topography of thin film coatings designed for biomolecular separation on chromatographic devices. The imaging of drug crystals has emerged as a fruitful avenue of study where strong interactions with Professor Peter York are examining the role of supercritical fluid technology in crystal properties. Measuring surface interactions of pharmaceutically relevant materials such as inhalation particle-particle adhesion is being explored using AFM through GlaxoSmithKline funding. To achieve such goals, BBSRC funding allowed the construction of the first instrument capable of the simultaneous SPR and AFM analysis of such surface biointeractions. A separate EPSRC programme provided resources for the construction of an instrument for screening combinational libraries. Further EPSRC and BBSRC funding is leading to instrumentation developments in the use of near field scanning optical systems, microthermal analysis, a combined confocal SPR/AFM and a new cryogenic AFM system for biological studies.

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Our work has received growing international recognition for the exploitation of surface analytical tools such as XPS and SIMS for defining the surface chemistry/topography of a range of advanced biomaterials, particularly biomedical polymers. This information can play a pivotal role in the design and optimization of novel biomedical devices. This approach is providing an insight into the relationship between surface chemistry of surface engineered colloids and their site-specific delivery in-vivo. Other activities have focused on relating interfacial chemistry/topography of novel urinary stents and catheters and heparin adsorbing filters for application in extracorporeal haemodialysis as part of European commission awards. The interfacial chemistry of surface engineered tissue engineering scaffolds is also a key theme of our research in collaboration with Professor Kevin Shakesheff. A new ToF-SIMS instrument sited within our group has been installed in a cross School initiative in the EPSRC Strategic Equipment Initiative. Very recently, a new XPS instrument has been funded through a multi-user EPSRC grant. The combined XPS and SIMS facility provides a unique platform for surface science studies and ensures Nottingham is at the forefront of international activities in the field. A strong collaborative links is now established with the National Physical Laboratory to continue to develop surface analysis tools for biomimetic systems. Our group was the first to use of AFM for the high resolution insitu imaging within an aqueous environment of the surface degradation of, and subsequent protein release from, a range of biodegradable polymers and polymer blends. This work received outstanding referee reviews from the major international journals, J. Phys. Chem., Langmuir and Macromolecules. The forward look My future strategy is to develop the Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis as an outstanding international centre of excellence continuing to exploit recent advances in nanotechnological innovation to provide a greater understanding of the biomolecular structures of importance in disease and to assist in the development of raft of new generation of immunodiagostic and biomedical devices for therapeutic applications. For example, notable achievements in the development of novel methods for the surface immobilisation of biomolecules including the use of self-assembled monolayers and protein assemblies will be used for the nanoengineering of biomolecular and polymeric micron-sized arrays on surfaces. Using such substrates, the SPM instrumentation will be employed as a molecular workbench, a rapid screening tool for ligand-receptor mapping and assay development and combinatorial chemistry analysis. In biomaterial development, international opinion and the UK foresight programme have highlighted the need for second generation biomaterials. The surface chemistry of many of these systems is vital to their in-vivo performance. We shall continue to exploit our surface biophysics expertise in probing the properties of such advanced materials as macromolecular complexes for gene therapy, "smart" stimuli-sensitive materials and polymers designed as scaffolds for tissue engineering. All the above studies will be supported by on-going developments in novel instrumentation within the Laboratory. The construction of a new near-field optical scanning probe microscope for spectroscopic evaluation of biomedical surfaces is ongoing. As one of the first groups to develop algorithms for the derivation of structural information from, and to allow image interrogation of, SPM data, were previously awarded an EPSRC grant to act as the National Facility in this area. A new cryogenic AFM system is being constructed to attain high resolution biomolecular structure information and a new combined confocal/SPR/AFM system is being developed to measure thin film instrumentations. In summary, I am striving to ensure our work makes an important contribution to defining the interfacial chemistry and structure of a range of biomedical and biological systems. Three young members of academic staff have joined the LBSA academic team

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and forging strong independent careers, one of whom has recently received an EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship and two promoted to Readerships. Our programs of research embrace basic and strategic studies aimed at both fundamental scientific knowledge and applied research in collaboration with industrial partners. It is hoped that these activities impact on many fields within biomedicine and underpin the objectives of recent government papers on science and technology, and technology foresight.

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PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO RESEARCH
All papers cited below have been reviewed within peered-reviewed journals and books. FULL PAPERS 1. J.C. Gilbert, C.Washington, M.C.Davies, and J.Hadgraft "The behaviour of Pluronic F-127 in aqueous solution studied using fluorescent probes" International Journal of Pharmaceutics 40, 93-99 (1987). J.C.Gilbert, J.L.Richardson, M.C.Davies, K.J.Palin and J. Hadgraft "The effect of solutes and polymers on the gelation properties of Pluronic F-127 solutions for controlled drug delivery" Journal of Controlled Release 5, 113-118 (1988). M.C.Davies, A.Brown, J.M.Newton and S.R.Chapman "SSIMS and SIMS imaging analysis of a drug delivery system" Surface and Interfacial Analysis 11, 591595 (1988). R.A.P.Lynn, M.C.Davies, R.D.Short, S.S.Davis, J.C.Vickerman and P. Humphrey "Characterization of polymer colloids by SSIMS and XPS" Polymer Communications 29, 365-367 (1988). D.W.Fakes, M.C.Davies, J.M.Newton and A.Brown "The surface analysis of a plasma modified contact lens surface by SSIMS" Surface and Interfacial Analysis 13, 233-236 (1988). M.C.Davies, R.D.Short, J.C.Vickerman and P.Humphrey "The analysis of cellulose ethers by secondary ion mass spectroscopy" Polymer and Material Science and Engineering 59, 729-733 (1988). M.C.Davies, R.D.Short, S.P.Denyer, J.C.Vickerman, M.A.Khan, S.S.Davis and P.Humphrey "The surface characterization of untreated and plasma modified polyesters by SSIMS, XPS and bacterial adhesion" ibid, 59, 739-743 (1988). M.Roberts, M.C.Davies, S.S.Davis and P. Williams "The production of stable, protein coated microspheres" Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, 132(2), 585 - 588 (1989). M.C.Davies, A.Brown, M.A.Khan and P.Humphrey "Quantitative static secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis (SSIMS) of polymers" 6th International Conference on SIMS, Versailles, Ed A.Benninghoven, A.M.Huber and H.W.Werner, J. Wiley, 667-690 (1989). M.C.Davies, R.D.Short, M.A.Khan, J.F.Watts, A.Brown, A.J.Eccles, P. Humphrey, J.C.Vickerman and M.Vert "An XPS, static SIMS and ToF-SIMS analysis of biodegradable biomedical polyesters" Surface and Interfacial Analysis, 14, 115-120 (1989). R.D.Short and M.C.Davies "Radical cations in SIMS spectra of polymers" International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Formation, 89, 149155 (1989). F.Koosha, M.C.Davies, R.H.Muller and S.S.Davis "The surface chemical structure of poly(B-hydroxybutyrate) microparticles produced by the solvent evaporation process" Journal of Controlled Release, 9, 149-157 (1989).

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13.

M.C.Davies, I.R.Wilding, R.D.Short, M.A.Khan, J.F.Watts and C.D.Melia "An analysis of the surface chemical structure of Eudragit film coating polymers by XPS" International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 57, 183-187 (1989). R.K.Kallury, V.J.Kroll, M.Thompson, R.D.Short and M.C.Davies "XPS and SSIMS analysis of phospholipids immobilized to silanized silica surface" Analytical Chemica Acta, 225, 369-389 (1989). S.P.Denyer, J.A.Evans, M.C.Davies, R.G.Finch, D.G.E.Smith, M.H.Wilcox and P.Williams "Phenotypic changes in Staphylococcal cell surface characteristics associated with growth in human peritoneal dialysis fluid", in: Pathogenisis of Wound and Biomaterial-Associated Infections, Eds: T.Wadstrom, L.Eliasson and A.Ljungh, Springer-Verlag London UK, 450-455 (1990). M.C.Davies, R.C.Rowe and R.D.Short "Surface chemical characterization of cellulose derivatives by SSIMS" In: Cellucon 89, P. A.Williams, Ed., Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester, (Chapter 43) 345-352 (1990). M.C.Davies, I.R.Wilding, C.D. Melia and A. Brown) "SSIMS analysis of Methacrylate copolymers" Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39, 1827-1835 (1990). M.C.Davies, M.A.Khan, R.D.Short, C.Pouton, M.K.Aktar and J.F.Watts "SIMS and XPS analysis of poly(caprolactone) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-valerate) copolymers" Biomaterials, 11, 228-234 (1990). M.C.Davies, R.A.P.Lynn, S.S.Davis and J.Hearn "Surface analysis of polymer latex particles by SIMS and XPS" Polymer and Material Science and Engineering, 62, 889-894 (1990). S.P.Denyer, J.A.Evans, M.C.Davies, R.G.Finch, D.G.E.Smith, M.H.Wilcox and P Williams) "Influence of carbon dioxide on the surface characteristic and adherence potential of coagulase-negative staphylococci", Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 28, 1813-1817 (1990). M.C.Davies, I.R.Wilding, R.D.Short, C.D.Melia and R.C.Rowe "The in situ chemical analysis of polymer film coatings using static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS)" International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 62, 97-103 (1990). M.C.Davies, D.E.Jackson, M.R.Price and S.J.B.Tendler "Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging of the tumor associated antigenic 20 amino acid human polymorphic epithelial mucin core peptide fragment" Cancer Letters, 55, 13-16 (1990). M.C.Davies, J.S.Binns, C.D.Melia and D.Bourgeous "FT-Raman spectroscopy of polymeric biomaterials and drug delivery systems" Spectrochimica Acta, 46A, 227-283 (1990). M.C.Davies, A.M.Tudor, C.D.Melia, J.S.Binns, P.J.Hendra and S.Church "FTRaman spectroscopy of pharmaceuticals" Journal of Pharmaceutical Biomedical Analysis, 8, 717-720 (1990). M.C.Davies, J.Binns, C.D.Melia, P.Hendra, S.Church and P Stephenson "FT-Raman spectroscopy of drugs and polymeric delivery systems" International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 66 223-232 (1990).

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G.R.Harper, S.S.Davis, Th.F.Tadros, M.C.Davies, D.C.Taylor, M.P.Irving and J.A.Waters "Steric stabilization of microspheres with grafted poly(ethylene oxide) reduces phagocytosis by rat Kupffer cells in vitro" Biomaterials, 12, 695-700 (1991). M.C. Davies, M.A.Khan, R.A.P.Lynn, J.Heller and J.F.Watts "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the surface chemical structure of some biodegradable poly(orthoesters)" Biomaterials, 12, 305-308 (1991). M.C.Davies, M.A.Khan, A.Domb, R.Langer, J.F.Watts and A.J. Paul "The analysis of the surface chemical structure of biomedical aliphatic poly(anhydrides) using XPS and ToF-SIMS" Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 42, 1597-1605 (1991). M.C.Davies, R.A.P.Lynn, J.Heller, A.J.Paul and J.C.Vickerman "The ToF-SIMS and XPS characterization of the surface chemical structure of some biomedical degradable poly(orthoesters)" Macromolecules, 24(20), 5508-5514 (1991). C.J.Roberts, M.C.Davies, D.E.Jackson, S.J.B.Tendler and P.M.Williams "Controlled nanometer-scale line and symbol formation on graphite in air using a scanning tunneling microscope" Journal of Physics E: Condensed Matter, 3, 7213-7216 (1991). C.J.Roberts, M.J.Wilkins, M.C.Davies, D.E.Jackson, S.J.B.Tendler, P.M.Williams, P.D.Scholes and G.Beamson "The demonstration of controlled probe sample interaction effects achievable with a scanning tunneling microscope on graphite, metallic films, organic molecules and polymeric biomolecules", Nanotechnology, 2, 172-181 (1991). P.M.Williams, M.C.Davies, D.E.Jackson, C.J.Roberts, S.J.B.Tendler and M.J.Wilkins "Biological Applications of scanning tunneling microscopy: novel software algorithms for the display, manipulation and interpretation of STM data", Nanotechnology, 1, 5-15 (1991). P.J.Watts, M.C.Davies, and C.D.Melia "Encapsulation of 5-aminosalicylic acid into Eudragit RS microspheres and modulation of their release characteristics by the use of surfactants" Journal of Controlled Release, 16, 311-318 (1991). D.T.O'Hagen, D.Rahman, J.P.Mcgee, H.Jeffrey, P.Williams, M.C.Davies, S.S.Davis and S.J.Challacombe "Biodegradable microparticles as controlled release antigen delivery systems" Immunology, 73, 239-242 (1991). P.J.Watts, A.M.Tudor, P.J.Hendra, S.Church M.C.Davies, and C.D.Melia "FT-Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of sulphasalazine-containing polymeric microspheres" Pharmaceutical Research, 8(10), 1323-1328 (1991). L.Barrow, K.P.Steed, R.C.Spiller, P.J.Watts, C.D.Melia, M C Davies and C.G.Wilson "Scintigraphic demonstration of Lactulose-induced changes in proximal colonic transit" Gastroenterology, 103, 1167-1173 (1992). P.J.Watts, L.Barrow, K.P.Steed, R.C.Spiller, C.G.Wilson, C.D.Melia and M.C.Davies "The transit rate of different sized microparticles through the colon and the effects of a lactulose-induced catharsis", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 87, 215-221 (1992).

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M.C.Davies, P.J.Watts, B.P.Atkin, C.G.Wilson and C.D.Melia "Radiolabelling of Eudragit RS: sulphasalazine microspheres for gamma scintigraphy by neutron activation. 1. Incorporation of sammarium oxide and its effects on microsphere drug release rate" International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 76, 55-59 (1991). A.Tudor, M.C.Davies, C.D.Melia, D.Lee, R.Mitchell, P.J.Hendra and S.J.Church "The application of near-infrared FT-Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of the polymorphic forms of cimetidine" Spectrochimica Acta, 1389-1394 (1991). A.Tudor, M.C.Davies, C.D.Melia, P.H.Hendra, R.Langer and A.Domb "FT-Raman spectroscopy of some aliphatic and aromatic poly(anhydride) homo- and copolymers of biomedical significance" Spectrochimica Acta, 1335-1344 (1991). A.Brindley, M.C.Davies, R.A.P.Lynn, J.Hearn and J.F.Watts "The surface chemical characterization of model charged and sterically stabilized polymer colloids by SSIMS and XPS" Polymer Communications, 33(5), 1112-1116 (1992). S.J.B.Tendler, C.J.Roberts, M.C.Davies, M.Sekowski, D.E.Jackson and M.R.Price "Topographical investigations of human ovarian carcinoma polymorphic epithelial mucin" Biochemical Journal, 283, 181-185 (1992). C.J.Roberts, M.C.Davies, D.E.Jackson, and S.J.B.Tendler "Surface damage of sputtered gold films at the high and low resistance settings of a scanning tunneling microscope" Surface Science Letters, 261, L29-L34 (1992). J.Bridgett, M.C.Davies and S.P.Denyer "The control of staphylococcal adhesion to poly(styrene) surfaces by polymer surface modification with surfactants" Biomaterials, 13(7), 411-416 (1992). M.J.Wilkins, M.C.Davies, D.E.Jackson, C.J.Roberts, S.J.B.Tendler and P.M.Williams "The observation of a super-periodic feature on gold with a scanning tunneling microscope" Applied Physics Letters, 60(12), 1436-1437 (1992). M.J.Wilkins, M.C.Davies, D.E.Jackson, C.J.Roberts, and S.J.B.Tendler "The observation of a deuterium isotope effect in controlled line and symbol formation on graphite using a scanning tunneling microscope", Journal of Physics E: Condensed Matter, 4, L331-334 (1992). M.C.Davies, S.R.Leadley, A.J.Paul, J.C.Vickerman, J.Heller and N.M.Franson "Probing the surface chemical structure of some novel poly(ortho esters) prepared with N-methyl and N-phenyl ethanolamine by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)", Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 3, 293-301 (1992). D.Q.M. Craig, J.Binns, R.M.Hill, M.C.Davies, C.D.Melia and J.M.Newton "Dielectric characterization of sodium alginate gels", Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2(5), 545-549 (1992). M.C.Davies, C.G.Wilson, P.J.Watts and C.D.Melia "Radiolabelling of polymer microsphere for scintigraphic investigations by neutron activation. 3. Changes in the physical properties of Eudragit RS: sulphapyridine microspheres by incorporating sammarium oxide" International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 98, 75-85 (1993). L.Barrow, K.P.Steed, R.C.Spiller, N.A.Maskell, J.K.Brown, P.J.Watts, C.D.Melia, M.C.Davies and C.G.Wilson "Quantitative, noninvasive assessment of

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antidiarrheal actions of codeince using an experimental model of diarrhea in man" Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 38(6), 996-1003 (1993). 51. P.J.Watts, C.G.Wilson, M.C.Davies, and C.D.Melia "Radiolabelling of polymer microsphere for scintigraphics investigations by neutron activation. 2. Effects of irradiation on the properties of Eudragit RS: sulphapyridine microspheres" International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 98, 63-73 (1993). P.D.Scholes, M.C.Davies, S.S.Davis, L.I.Illum and M.Vert "The preparation of sub200 nm colloidal particles from poly(lactide-glycolide copolymers)", Journal of Controlled Releas