Free Statement - District Court of Colorado - Colorado

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ANN S. MAEST PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS
Environmental aqueous geochemistry; fate, transport, and speciation of metals in natural waters and sediment; effects of hard rock mining on water quality; restoration of mining sites; international independent monitoring

EDUCATION
Princeton University, PhD, Geochemistry and Water Resources, 1984 Princeton University, MA, Geochemistry and Sedimentology, 1981 Boston University, BA, Geology, 1979

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
Managing Scientist, Stratus Consulting, Boulder, CO 2006 Vice President, Buka Environmental, Boulder, CO 1998 - present Senior Advisor, Stratus Consulting, Boulder, CO 1998 - 2006 Senior Geochemist, Hydrosphere Resource Consulting, Boulder, CO, 1997-1998 Manager and Senior Associate, Hagler Bailly Consulting, Inc., Boulder, CO, 1992-1997 Independent Environmental Consultant, Boulder, CO, 1991-1992 Senior Scientist, Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC, 1989-1991 Research Geochemist, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 1983-1989

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Dr. Maest is an aqueous geochemist with expertise in the fate and transport of natural and anthropogenic contaminants in groundwaters, surface waters, and sediments. She has over 20 years of research and professional experience as a geochemist and has worked on natural systems as well as on systems that have been impacted by industrial activities such as mining. At Buka Environmental and Stratus Consulting, Ann is responsible for designing, conducting, and managing groundwater and surface water hydrogeochemistry studies at mining and other sites. The results of Dr. Maest's research have been published as numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals including: Applied Geochemistry, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Chemical Geology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, and Environmental Science and Technology. Before joining Buka Environmental, Dr. Maest worked at Hydrosphere Resource Consultants and Hagler Bailly Services and specialized in water quality impacts of hard rock mining and transport of toxics in groundwater and surface waters. As a senior scientist at Environmental Defense Fund, Dr. Maest was responsible for designing technical and policy approaches to minimize releases of toxic substances from mining and manufacturing facilities. Dr. Maest was a research geochemist in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Research Program for six years after completing her PhD, where she conducted research on metal-organic interactions, metal and metalloid speciation, and redox geochemistry in surface water and groundwater. Ann has served on a number of national and international committees, including several National Academy of Sciences committees related to mining and minerals research issues and international committees on mining and sustainable development.

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RECENT TEACHING/TRAINING EXPERIENCE
Environmental Modeling Short Course. Mine Design, Operations & Closure Conference April 2005. Topics taught included: Conceptual Model Development; Types of Hydrologic, Geochemical, and Coupled Models Used at Mine Sites; Modeling Inputs; Model Selection; Sources of Uncertainty and Recommendations for Improvement; Model Calibration; and Sensitivity Analysis.

SELECTED RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
METALS GEOCHEMISTRY AND SPECIATION ­ MINING-RELATED STUDIES
State of New Mexico, Office of Natural Resource Trustee; Settlement Negotiation on Groundwater Impacts from Mining Operations. Technical lead for the State of New Mexico in settlement negotiations with Phelps Dodge over groundwater impacts from three copper mines in New Mexico. Involves developing conceptual models for fate and transport of contaminants from sources to groundwater, evaluation of impacts to groundwater from mining and natural sources over time, and calculation of volume/flux of impacted groundwater. State of Montana, Natural Resource Damage Program; Warm Springs Ponds, Montana. Prepared issues paper on treatment ponds related to mining in the Butte, Montana, area. Issues included: water and sediment hydroeochemistry; hydrologic, geochemical, and microbiological issues; geochemical aspects of remediation; and future remedy options. Colville Tribe, Washington State; Evaluation of Potential Impacts from Proposed Molybdenum Mine. Evaluated potential impacts to water quality and the environment and economic uncertainty associated with development of a molybdenum mine at Mount Tolman. Presented findings as talk to the tribal council. Prepared materials for meetings on and off reservation on potential environmental impacts of mine development. ABN AMRO; Review of Potential Environmental Impacts of Proposed Project in Southeast Asia. Conducted a quick-turnaround, independent review of the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project in Southeast Asia for ABN AMRO. Reviewed the project development proposal and environmental information to determine if the approaches being proposed represented best practice. The review provided an alternative to the evaluation received from the client's consultants. ABN ultimately decided not to fund the project, based on factors that included but were not limited to environmental issues. Oxfam, Netherlands (Hivos); Independent Monitoring and Technical Evaluation of the Camisea Natural Gas Project, Peru. Met with governmental, industrial, and civil society stakeholders in Peru and developed the elements of an independent social and environmental monitoring and
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response program. Continuing to work with Peruvian civil society to analyze current monitoring conducted by industry and the IDB; to evaluate additional proposed projects for pollution prevention approaches, baseline monitoring, and environmental monitoring, and to better define the environmental elements of an independent monitoring and response program for the Camisea project. Earthworks; Accuracy of Water Quality Predictions at Hardrock Mine Sites. Technical evaluation of water quality predictions made in environmental impact statements for large hardrock mines in the United States. Comparison of pre-mining water quality predictions made in EIS's with actual water quality after mining began. Study of reasons for prediction success or failure, including characterization, modeling, and engineering approaches for active mines and remediation. Technical evaluation of geochemical methods and water quality and quantity models used to predict water quality at hardrock mines: state-of-the-art, advantages and pitfalls, and recommendations for improvement of predictions methods. State of Montana Department of Justice, Natural Resource Damage Program; Metro Storm Drain Area Alluvial Aquifer, Butte, Montana. Investigation of metal movement in and recovery time for groundwater impacted by tailings and slag disposal. Designing, in collaboration with Montana Tech and EPA, a well installation, sampling, and analysis program to evaluate movement of metals from tailings leaching from its source through groundwater and potentially to surface water resources. Also designed laboratory experiments (column kinetic and batch) to investigate desorption of metals from contaminated aquifer materials and groundwater recovery times. State of New Mexico, New Mexico Environment Department; Chino and Tyrone Mines. Prepared reports on the geochemistry and fate and transport of metals and other mine-related contaminants at the Chino and Tyrone mines. Evaluation of modeling used to predict effects of remediation at mine sties. Testified at a State hearing about the validity of hydrogeochemical modeling of contaminant fate and transport in and from waste rock deposits, and the implications for groundwater quality. U.S. Geological Survey; Molycorp Molybdenum Mine, Questa, New Mexico. Investigating the natural background/baseline composition of groundwater and surface water in a mined area with extensive natural acid drainage. Compiling historical water quality data, writing field sampling plans (including for tracer injection to and synoptic sampling of Red River), and managing quality control/quality assurance of surface water and groundwater sampling efforts. Investigated the relationship between hydrologic conditions in the Red River and water quality over time. Assisting with interpretation of results from baseline/background studies. Collaborative effort with hydrologists, geochemists, geologists, geomorphologists and others from the USGS. Sokaogon Chippewa Tribe, Wisconsin; Crandon Project. Worked with groundwater modelers and mining and landfill engineers to determine if discharge from the proposed Crandon project would adversely impact water quality in Swamp Creek at the reservation boundary. Assisted
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tribe with evaluation of baseline water quality data collected for establishing narrative and quantitative water quality standards. Project ended when the Sokaogon Chippewa and the Forest County Potawatomi tribes purchased the mineral rights and lands from BHP Billiton. State of Montana Department of Justice, Natural Resource Damage Program; Clark Fork River. Evaluated degree of success of phytostabilization of streamside tailings along the Clark Fork River in Montana. Major issues include long-term chemical stability of mixing of amendments with fluvially-deposited mine waste, acid-base accounting and calculation of liming rate, movement of metals and arsenic from amended tailings to groundwater and surface water. Also working with NRDP to evaluate water quality consequences of removing Milltown Dam on the Clark Fork River. Border Ecology Project/Packard Foundation; Cananea Mine, Mexico. Examined groundwater and surface water quality in the vicinity of the Cananea Mine, an open-pit copper mine in Mexico. Designing water quality monitoring plan to be carried out by local authorities and university and regulatory agency in Arizona. Continuing work includes working with local citizens and university to build capacity in water quality analysis. Compliance Advisory Ombudsman Office of the International Finance Corporation; Yanacocha Mine, Peru. Served as independent monitor of potential water quality impacts related to operation of theYanacocha Mine in northern Peru, the largest gold mine in Latin America. Issues included the effects of mineralized areas (natural mineralization) on stream water quality, and fate and transport of metals and other elements from mine to streams. The study, available at http://www.cao-ombudsman.org/html-english/ombudsman_report_peru.htm, evaluates the impacts of current mining activity on water quality and quantity in the vicinity of the Yanacocha Mine. Rock Creek Alliance; Rock Creek Project, Montana. Evaluated geochemical issues associated with the permitting of a copper-silver mine in northwestern Montana that would be under a wilderness area. Examined acid drainage and metal leaching of ore, waste rock and tailings, and potential discharges to Rock Creek. Evaluated potential impacts of mine discharges and monitoring design on nondegradation requirements for the Clark Fork River and Rock Creek. U.S. Department of Justice; Berkeley Pit, Montana. Created model for metal loading to the Berkeley Pit in Butte, Montana. Examined flows and concentrations of different sources responsible for current water quality in the pit and how they have changed over time. Evaluated the importance of pit wall leaching to the composition of water in the Berkeley Pit. Colorado Attorney General's Office; Summitville Mine, Colorado. Evaluated the effect of historic mining on releases of hazardous substances at the Summitville Mine site. Investigated the effect of geology and mineralogy on the leaching of metals from mined and explored areas and mine waste and the effect of natural acid drainage on metal concentrations in sediment and surface water. Provided expert reports for the State of Colorado in a Superfund lawsuit.
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US Fish and Wildlife Service and Coeur d'Alene Tribe; Coeur d'Alene Mining District, Idaho. Evaluated pre-mining water quality and soil conditions, and soil/sediment and surface water quality, especially for cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations. Gathered and critically evaluated water, sediment, and soil data and compared to relevant standards and health-based criteria. Involves understanding mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits and surrounding rocks and the effect of weathering on metal concentrations in rocks, soils, sediment and water. Evaluated pathways for transport of metals from sources to surface water and groundwater resources and issues related to lake water and sediment geochemistry. Served as expert on fate and transport, water and sediment/soil quality and baseline and lake issues for Federal trustees and Tribe in Superfund/Natural Resource Damage Assessment case. Provided expert reports and testified at trial. Vail Associates; Snowmaking Water Chemistry, Vail and Beaver Creek, Colorado. Investigated the fate and transport of metals in snowmaking water derived from mine drainage areas. Created extensive field sampling plan with detailed protocols for intensive hydrologic and geochemical sampling and analysis of surface water, artificial and natural snow, water storage reservoirs, and snowmelt/runoff. Evaluated effect on stream chemistry of using mine drainage water for snowmaking. USDA Forest Service; Limiting Factors on Macroinvertebrate Health and Survival, Animas River, Colorado. Evaluated the relative importance of dissolved metal concentrations and speciation, substrate quality and composition, and colloid/suspended material/periphyton composition on macroinvertebrate health and survival. Wrote and conducted field sampling and analysis plan for collection of surface waters, groundwaters, and colloids in and near the Animas River for the biological evaluation, including water flow and depth to groundwater. Area has been extensively mined and currently has many abandoned hardrock mines. Primary author for large report to the Forest Service. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Blackbird Mine Metal Geochemistry and Bioavailability, Idaho. Evaluated metal speciation in mining impacted streams in Idaho. Designed and conducted field, experimental, and geochemical modeling studies to determine the inorganic and organic chemical associations of toxic metals in river water affected by acid mine drainage. Results were used to design fish toxicology experiments on toxicity of metals to salmonids. US Fish and Wildlife Service; Metals geochemistry at the Iron Mountain Mine, California. Evaluated aqueous speciation of metals in streams impacted by acid mine drainage in California. Managed and designed studies to predict the metal-organic speciation of aquatic toxins and the impact of geochemistry on fish toxicity. Prepared surface water sampling plan and collected samples for chemical and speciation analyses. USDA Forest Service, the State of Idaho, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
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Administration; Blackbird Mine Ground Water and Surface Water Chemistry Studies, Idaho. Managed surface water and groundwater resources efforts and served as principle expert for surface water quality and groundwater quality issues for a Natural Resource Damage investigation of the site. Examined groundwater and surface water impacts from acid drainage related to waste rock open pit and underground workings. Prepared sampling and analysis plan for collection of surface waters and mining wastes; sampled surface water and waste materials to determine sources of contamination, and investigated baseline water quality. Prepared surface water sampling reports. State of New Mexico; Molycorp Molybdenum Mine, New Mexico. Evaluated impact of acid mine drainage and metals on the Red River, groundwater, and soils. Sources included open pit and waste rock piles. Examined issues related to mineralized baseline conditions. Mining Remedial Recovery Corporation; Shasta Lake Area Mines, California. Conducted a restoration study of a hard rock mining site impacted by acid mine drainage. Designed revegetation studies. Reviewed water quality sampling at the mine sites. Managed remediation/restoration studies for waste rock piles on mine site. State of Montana Natural Resource Damage Program; Clark Fork River Mining Sites, Montana. Prepared Natural Resource Damage claim for groundwater injury in Butte, Montana. Evaluated sources and pathways of groundwater contamination, transport of acid drainage, contaminants of concern, areas where relevant standards have been violated, mobility of hazardous substances, baseline conditions, and recoverability of the groundwater resource. Served as principal expert for groundwater resources in settlement negotiations between ARCO and the State of Montana. Advised on approaches to restore natural resources. Served as principal groundwater chemistry expert for the State at trial. Greater Yellowstone Coalition; New World Mine, Montana. Served as principal water quality expert on Clean Water Act suit brought against Crown Butte/Noranda on acid mine drainage, natural acid drainage, water quality, site remediation. Met with EPA Region VIII and consultants preparing EIS to discuss all aspects regarding water quality associated with potential mine operation. Designed and conducted baseline surface water sampling effort. Participated in technical aspects of negotiations between federal government, mining company and environmentalists on land exchange. Evaluated remediation and treatment alternatives. State of New Mexico; Pecos Mine, New Mexico. Prepared sampling and analysis plan for surface waters (Pecos River and tributaries) impacted by acid mine drainage from waste rock piles. Collected samples of surface water to examine temporal variability of metal concentrations. Examined impact of acid seeps on wetland habitat. Okanogan Highlands Alliance; Crown Jewel Mine Project, Washington. Reviewed pit lake modeling and associated water quality prediction documents and prepared comments on pit water quality. The review addressed the geology, geochemistry, and mineralization of the ore
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body and waste rock, static and longer-term leach tests, acid/base accounting tests, and modeling of pit water quality. Served as expert witness in a Clean Water Act case against Battle Mountain Gold Company. Issues related to pit water quality and acid drainage prediction. Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund; Penn Mine, California. Conducted technical evaluation of geochemical aspects of the Penn Mine Facility, California; provided written testimony, declarations and reports in preparation for Clean Water Act lawsuits (Committee to Save the Mokelumne River, Plaintiff, v. East Bay Municipal Utility District and the Regional Water Quality Control Board - Central Valley Region). Served as expert witness on the geochemistry of the site, especially on acid mine drainage generation, the geochemistry of the site before and after construction of the dam and impoundments, and alternative remediation and treatment methods that were not considered by EBMUD. Testified at an oversight investigation by the California State Senate. Eagle River Environmental and Business Alliance; Eagle Mine, Colorado. Technical review of Eagle Mine Superfund Site Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. Responsibilities included review, analysis, and monitoring of remediation activities at the site, especially those concerning impact of groundwater and surface water by acid drainage from tailings, waste rock, and processing materials. State of Wisconsin Department of Justice; Crandon Mine, Wisconsin. Reviewed and commented on a proposed mine effluent treatment method for the proposed Crandon Mine for the Public Intervenor's Office. The review evaluated the effectiveness of lime treatment, ion exchange reverse osmosis, and passive treatment techniques on the treatment of acid mine drainage from the proposed mine. Served as general advisor to the Public Intervenor's Office on surface water issues related to the mine, including discharge to the Wisconsin and Wolf Rivers, treatment, and impact of mine effluent discharge on surface water and groundwater quality. Sierra Club; A-J Mine, Alaska. Conducted technical review of Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed reopening of the A-J Mine, Juneau, Alaska. Focused on water and sediment quality impacts of the proposed mining and disposal methods. Issues included: lack of data and the quality and interpretation of presented data; analytical methods used to predict mobility of contaminants and generation of acid mine drainage; assumption about mobility, treatment and water/sediment quality in the proposed tailings impoundment; assumptions about environmental quality of Gastineau Channel resulting from proposed disposal methods; and discussion of alternative and more preventive treatment, disposal, and processing options not considered. Border Ecology Project and Arizona Toxics Information; Copper Queen Mine, Arizona. Conducted a technical review of Phelps Dodge's Aquifer Protection Permit Application for the Copper Queen Concentrator Tailings Storage Area, Bisbee, Arizona. Evaluated all technical aspects of the application, including the hydrogeologic model used to predict extent of the discharge impact area, characterization of discharge, migration of contaminants to underlying
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groundwater, unit design, alternative discharge control measures, identification of constituents of concern, interpretation of leach test results, points of compliance for groundwater monitoring, interpretation of soil and water quality data, monitoring plan considerations, and concerns over radioactivity and hazardous constituents at the site. Sierra Club, Toiyabe Chapter; Betze Pit, Nevada. Conducted technical review of Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Water Resources Technical Report for the Barrick Goldstrike Mines' Betze Project, Nevada. Evaluation of water quality aspects of the project, including the use of the geochemical model WATEQF to determine redox conditions in the pit, the chemical composition of pit inflow water, the use of static and kinetic methods to predict acid mine drainage generation, data quality issues, assumptions used for geochemical computations, interpretation of arsenic geochemistry, and alternative disposal and reclamation methods. Battle Mountain Gold Company and the State of Colorado; Battle Mountain San Luis Gold Mine, Colorado. Served as third-party monitor in unique agreement between the State of Colorado and the owner of a gold mine in southern Colorado where permit levels of cyanide in a tailings impoundment had been violated. Sampled stream, groundwater and process points for cyanide and metals, prepared reports, interpreted analytical and QA/QC data. U.S. AID; Various Mines in Peru. Conducted surface water, soil, and mining waste sampling of areas in central and southern Peru impacted by mining activities. Designed and conducted environmental sampling; met with local and regional political figures to discuss the impact of mining on the environment; analyzed results of sampling efforts.

METALS GEOCHEMISTRY AND SPECIATION ­ SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER GEOCHEMISTRY
SeaGrant/Princeton University. On a SeaGrant award while at Princeton University, designed and implemented a field, laboratory, and hydrologic modeling study on the partitioning of metals and nutrients among the dissolved, suspended, and bottom sediment of the Raritan estuary, which contained multiple inputs of industrial wastes. U.S. Geological Survey. Coprincipal investigator of a field, laboratory, and geochemical modeling study of organometallic complexing and transport of heavy metals in deep saline waters in central Mississippi. U.S. Geological Survey. For the U.S. Geological Survey, was coprincipal investigator of an experimental field and laboratory study of the transport of reactive solutes (Zn, EDTA, Cr, Se) injected in a sewage-contaminated aquifer in Massachusetts. Investigated the effect of selenium redox speciation on transport of selenium in oxidized and reduced portions of the aquifer.
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OXYANION GEOCHEMISTRY/PETROLEUM IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER AND SEAWATER
Selva Viva, Oriente region of Ecuador; Technical Assistance on Petroleum Impacts. Providing technical assistance to a coalition of colono and indigenous groups (Selva Viva) in class action lawsuit against Chevron-Texaco. Preparation of documents on sampling and analytical, remediation, fate and transport issues related to petroleum extraction operations in the Ecuadorian jungle. California Department of Fish and Game. Manager for groundwater and pathway studies of petroleum contamination in a sand dune aquifer (Guadalupe Oil Field, San Luis Obispo) for California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response. Managed field studies designed to evaluate the hydrogeology of the sand dune aquifer, the fate and transport of petroleum products in the aquifer, and the modeling of groundwater and contaminant flow in the aquifer. U.S. Geological Survey. Coprincipal investigator of the chemical and biological transformation of selenium in drainage irrigation ponds near Kesterson Wildlife Management area, California. This field and laboratory study examined the effects of changing microbiology and redox state on aqueous selenium speciation. U.S. Geological Survey. Designed and supervised a field and laboratory study of the geochemical cycling of arsenic, iron, and other elements in Mono Lake, California, during and after meromixis induced from the El Niño event and in other eastern Sierra Nevada surface waters. Investigated lake geochemistry under different climatic conditions. Discovered iron photoreduction in the lake. Collaborated with limnologists and microbiologists on investigations of the biogeochemistry of the lake. U.S. Geological Survey. Designed and supervised a field and analytical chemistry study of the geochemistry of Pyramid and Walker Lakes. Collected samples of the closed-basin lakes from different depths, conducted geochemical analysis, and collaborated with limnologists and microbiologists on investigations of the biogeochemistry of the lake. U.S. Geological Survey. Designed and supervised an analytical chemistry and field study of the distribution of arsenic species (redox and organic) in Nevada groundwaters. Successfully modified existing analytical methods for arsenic speciation to work under site-specific conditions relevant to Nevada groundwaters. U.S. Geological Survey. Designed and supervised a field and laboratory investigation of mechanisms for the mobilization and attenuation of arsenic and selenium in irrigation drainage waters at the Stillwater Wildlife Management area, Nevada.

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U.S. Geological Survey. Designed and supervised a field and laboratory investigation of mechanisms for the mobilization and attenuation of arsenic and selenium in irrigation drainage waters at the Salton Sea, California.

POLICY EVALUATIONS
Environmental Law Institute. Conducted a policy evaluation of regulation of Mining Waste in ten states. Issues included: scope of the regulatory program; relevant state agencies, laws, and regulations; state permits required; design and performance standards; closure and reclamation; corrective action; monitoring requirements; funding; inspection and enforcement requirements; waste characterization requirements; public participation requirements; pollution prevention requirements, and local/county requirements. U.S. EPA. Environmental delegate to the U.S. EPA Mine Waste Policy Dialogue Committee. Issues include: scope of the potential federal regulatory program, federal-state relationship, technical standards, enforcement, and public participation. Member of the technical standards subcommittee. Coors Brewing Company. Conducted a policy and technical evaluation of viability of and mechanisms for pollutant trading in the Clear Creek watershed. Issues included evaluation of timing and magnitude of metal releases from plant and potential upstream trading location (abandoned mine wastes releasing metals), assessment of potential trading options, evaluation of existing metal contamination in area creeks and stream sediment, and the impact of existing metal contamination on benthic macroinvertebrates and fisheries. U.S. EPA. Catalogued the ecological and environmental impact of acid mine drainage at hard rock mining sites. Created maps and other graphics to illustrate extent of the problem across the United States. Designing regulatory and policy approaches to prevent pollution from acid mine drainage at mine sites. Conservation Foundation. Conducted a pollutant trading investigation. Explored technical issues associated with out-of-kind, out-of-place, and out-of-time trading of pollutants and measurement of environmental improvements and detriments of pollutant trading.

HAZARDOUS, RADIOACTIVE AND SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
New Mexico Attorney General's Office. Provided technical review of proposed experiments to predict the long-term safety and viability of disposal of TRU waste at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site in New Mexico. Evaluated the experimental design of the proposed bin and alcove tests, the adequacy of waste characterization, sampling protocol, analytical methodology, relevance to repository conditions, and the ability of laboratory tests to answer questions about long-term repository performance and to simulate the range of potential transport mechanisms.
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Department of Energy/Princeton University. Designed and implemented an experimental study on the effect of organic complexing agents and temperature on the migration of radioactive wastes. This study simulating conditions in the near-field environment of a high level radioactive waste repository. Designed and constructed a high-temperature and high-pressure rocking autoclave for the experiments. Global Environment Fund (an investment corporation). Provided technical evaluation of water treatment chemicals and reuse of water treatment sludge as a soil amendment. Investigated the health effects of water treatment reagents, the potential environmental effects of reuse of the resultant sludge, and the human health and environmental effects of other potential reagent uses.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
Predicted versus actual water quality at hardrock mine sites: Effect of inherent geochemical and hydrologic characteristics. 2006. A. Maest, J. Kuipers, K. MacHardy, and G. Lawson. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. Annual Meeting Proceedings, St. Louis, March 2006, 26pp. Evaluation of methods and models used to predict water quality at hardrock mine sites: Sources of uncertainty and recommendations for improvement. 2005. A. Maest, J. Kuipers, C. Travers, and D. Atkins. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. Annual Meeting Proceedings, Salt Lake City, February, 2005, 22pp. Evaluation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process for estimating water quality impacts at hardrock mine sites. 2005. J.Kuipers, A. Maest, K. MacHardy, and G. Lawson. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. Annual Meeting Proceedings, Salt Lake City, February, 2005. Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation 4. Historical surface-water quality for the Red River Valley, New Mexico. 2004. A. S. Maest , D. K. Nordstrom, and S. H. LoVetere. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigation Report 2004-5063. Online at: http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045063/ Influence of hydrologic conditions on historical water quality in a stream affected by natural and mining-related sources, 1965-2001. 2004. A. S. Maest , D. K. Nordstrom, and S. H. LoVetere. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs Vol. 36, No. 5. Dissolved copper loading to the Berkeley Pit, Montana, USA, and estimates of pit wall leaching. 2004. A.S. Maest, J.J. Metesh and T.E. Duaime. Water-Rock Interaction 11, Wanty & Seals II (eds). Balkema, Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 90 5809 641 6, Vol. 2, p. 1569-1573.

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Preservation of water samples for arsenic(III/V) determinations: an evaluation of the literature and new analytical results. 2004. R. B. McCleskey, D. K. Nordstrom, and A. S. Maest. Applied Geochemistry, 19: 995 ­ 1009. Questa Baseline and Pre-Mining Ground-Water Quality Investigation. 3. Historical GroundWater Quality for the Red River Valley, New Mexico. 2003. S. H. LoVetere, D. K. Nordstrom, A. S. Maest, and C. A. Naus. Water-Resource Investigation 03-4186. U.S. Geological Survey, 116p. Online at: http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_chemtherm/questa.htm (under publications) Determination of baseline soil and sediment metals concentrations in the Coeur d'Alene Mining Distrct, Idaho. 2000. K. LeJeune, A. Maest, and D. Cacela. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, November 9-18, 2000, pg. A-340. Selection of an organic-acid analogue of dissolved organic matter for use in toxicity testing. 1999. R. Mac Rae, A.S. Maest, and J. Meyer. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56: 1484-1493. Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands. 1999. with Committee on Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands. National Academy Press, D.C., 247pp. Temporal Variability in Metal Concentrations in a Mine-Impacted Stream: Implications for Metal Bioavailability. A. Maest, D. Beltman, and J. Lipton. In Second SETAC World Congress Abstract Book, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, p. 19, December 1995. Use of Geochemical and Toxicity Modeling to Predict Lethality of Copper in a Metals-Impacted Stream. J.S. Meyer, D. Beltman, A. Maest, J. Marr, J. Lipton, C. Cors, D. Cacela, and R. MacRae. In Second SETAC World Congress Abstract Book, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, p. 163, December 1995. Acute Lethality and Bioavailability of Copper in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Carbon. J. Marr, J. Lipton, A. Maest, D. Cacela, J.S. Meyer, J. Hansen, R. MacRae, and H. L. Bergman. In Second SETAC World Congress Abstract Book, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, p. 164, December 1995. Determination of an Organic-Acid Analog of DOC for Use in Copper Toxicity Studies on Salmonids. R. K. MacRae, J.S. Meyer, J.A. Hansen, H.L. Bergman, A. Maest, J. Marr, D. Beltman, and J. Lipton. In Second SETAC World Congress Abstract Book, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, p. 164. December 1995. Pollution Prevention in Mining: Research Focus Areas and the Pollution Prevention Hierarchy. A.S. Maest. In Proceedings, International Conference on Pollution Prevention in Mining and

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Mineral Processing, K. Anderson and S.K. Purcell (eds). Colorado School of Mines, pp. 3-8, 1994. Processes Controlling the Fate of Metals in Idaho Streams Affected by Mine Drainage. A.S. Maest and D.J. Beltman. EOS, Vol. 74 #16, p. 330, 1994. Linking Geochemistry and Fish Toxicology at Mining Sites: Determination of an Organic Acid Analogue for Use in Copper Toxicity Studies on Salmonids. R. MacRae, J. Meyer, A. Maest, and J. Lipton. EOS, Vol. 75 #44, p. 243, 1994. Temporal Variability in Metal and Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in a MineInfluenced Stream. A. Maest, D. Beltman, J. Schardt, and J. Lipton. EOS, Vol. 75 #44, pp. 243244, 1994. Influence of Redox Environment and Aqueous Speciation on Metal Transport in Groundwater: Preliminary Results of Tracer Injection Studies, with J.A. Davis, D.B. Kent, B.A. Rea, and S.P. Garabedian. In Metals in Groundwater, H. Allen, D. Brown, E.M. Perdue (eds). Lewis Publishers, pp. 223-273, 1993. Oxyanion Concentration Mechanisms in Eastern Sierra Nevada Surface Waters, with K.H. Johannesson and W.B. Lyons. In The History of Water: Eastern Sierra Nevada, Owens Valley, White-Inyo Mountains, C.A. Hall, V. Doyle-Jones, and B. Widawski (eds), White Mountain Research Station Symposium, Vol. 4, pp. 348-366, 1992. Redox Geochemistry of Arsenic and Iron in Mono Lake, California, USA, with S.P. Pasilis, L.G. Miller, and D.K. Nordstrom. In Water-Rock Interaction VII, Y.K. Kharaka and A.S. Maest (eds) Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 507-511, 1992. 1991 Global Report -- Groundwater Pollution, with L. Epstein. Buzzworm 3:45, 1991. Measurement of in Situ Rates of Selenate Removal by Dissimilatory Bacterial Reduction in Sediments, with R.S. Oremland, N.A. Steinberg, L.G. Miller, and J.T. Hollibaugh. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24:1157-1164, 1990. Metal and Nutrient Behavior in the Raritan Estuary, New Jersey, U.S.A.: The Effect of Multiple Freshwater and Industrial Waste Inputs, with D.A. Crerar, R.F. Stallard, and J.N. Ryan. Chem. Geol. 81:133-149, 1990. Selenate Reduction to Elemental Selenium by Anaerobic Bacteria in Sediments and Culture: Biogeochemical Significance of a Novel, Sulfate-Independent Respiration, with R.S. Oremland, J.T. Hollibaugh, T.S. Presser, L.G. Miller, and C.W. Culbertson. Appl. Environ. Microbiology 55:2333-2343, 1989.
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Field and Laboratory Studies of Transport of Reactive Solutes in Groundwater, with D.B. Kent, J.A. Davis, and B.A. Rea. In Water-Rock Interaction 6, D.L. Miles (ed). Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 381-383, 1989. Geochemistry of Metal-Rich Brines from Central Mississippi Salt-Dome Basin, U.S.A., with Y.K. Kharaka, W.W. Carothers, L.M. Law, P.J. Lamothe, and T.L. Fries. Applied Geochemistry 2:543-562, 1988. Role of Organics in Radionuclide Transport in Deep Groundwaters, with J.L. Means and D.A. Crerar. In The Technology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal, 3:215-247, 1987. Geochemistry of Lead and Zinc in Oil Field Brines: Central Mississippi Salt Dome Basin Revisited, with Y.K. Kharaka, T.L. Fries, L.M. Law, and W.W. Carothers. In The Genesis of Stratiform Sediment-Hosted Lead and Zinc Deposits, R.J.W. Turner and M.T. Einaudi (eds), pp. 181-187, 1986. Sampling and Analysis of Subsurface Waters, with R.W. Hull, Y.K. Kharaka, and T.L. Fries. In Proceedings First Canadian/American Conference on Hydrology, Practical Applications of Ground Water Geochemistry. F. Hitchon and E.I. Wallick (eds). pp. 117-126, 1985. Effect of Temperature on the Sorption of Chelated Radionuclides, with D.A. Crerar, E.C. Dillon, S.M. Trehu, and T.N. Rountree. In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management VIII, C.M. Jantzen, J.A. Stone, and R.C. Ewing (eds). 44:377-384, 1985. Geochemistry of Metal Transport in the Raritan River and Estuary, with S. Brantley, P. Bauman, M. Borcsik, and D. Crerar. New Jersey. Bull. New Jersey Acad. Sci., 29:69-78, 1984.

BOOKS/REPORTS AND INVITED SYMPOSIUM CHAPTERS
Water-Rock Interaction VII. Volume I: Low Temperature Interactions; Volume II: Intermediate and High Temperature Interactions. Edited with Y.K. Kharaka. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1686 pp., 1992. The "Recycling" Loophole in the Toxics-Release Inventory: Out of Site, Out of Mind, with P. Orem, D. Allen, and E. Hopkins. Environmental Defense Fund, 76 pp., March 1991. Physical, Chemical, and Biological Data Associated with Irrigation Drainage in and near Stillwater, Fernley, and Humboldt Wildlife Management Areas and Carson Lake, West-Central Nevada, 1987-1989, with T.B. Rowe, M.S. Lico, R.J. Hallock, and R.J. Hoffman. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report pp. 91-185, 1991.

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The Organic Geochemistry of Deep Groundwaters and Radionuclide Partitioning Experiments under Hydrothermal Conditions, with J.L. Means and D.A. Crerar. Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation, Technical Report #448, 75 pp., 1983.

SELECTED PRESENTATIONS AND TESTIMONY
"Modes of Heavy Metal Transport in the Raritan River and Estuary, New Jersey." Geological Society of America Meeting, 1981. "Controls on Metal and Nutrient Behavior in an Estuary with More than Two End Members." American Geophysical Union Meeting, 1984. "Partitioning of Contaminants Between Particulate and Dissolved Loads in a Polluted Estuary." American Geophysical Union Meeting, 1984. "The Arsenic and Iron Redox Couple in Selected Natural Waters." Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, 1986. "The Determination and Preservation of Dissolved Arsenic Species in High Arsenic Waters from Fallon, Nevada and Mono Lake, California." American Geophysical Union Meeting, 1986. "Mono Lake: An Episodic, Ephemeral Ore-Forming Solution?" Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, 1987. "Mono Lake Geochemistry: Redox and Precipitation Reactions." American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Annual Meeting, 1988. "The Challenge of Pollution Prevention in the Hard-Rock Mining Industry." American Mining Congress Annual Convention, September 1990. Testimony before U.S. Congress on hard-rock mining waste regulation: June 1990 and June 1991. "Evolution of a Mine Waste Regulatory Regime." Second Annual Mine Waste and Remediation Technology Conference, Butte, Montana, July 1992. "Mine Waste Legislation -- The Environmental Perspective." American Mining Congress Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, October 1992. Invited lecturer at University of Colorado ­ Boulder School of Law, Toxic Torts class. Groundwater hydrology and chemistry and fate and transport of contaminants. 1992, 1993.

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"Pollution Prevention in Mining: Research Focus Areas and the Pollution Prevention Hierarchy." International Conference on Pollution Prevention in Mining and Mineral Processing, Snowmass, Colorado, August 1993. "Processes Controlling the Fate of Metals in Idaho Streams Affected by Mine Drainage." American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, May 1993. "Environmental Effects of Mining in Southern and Central Peru." University of Colorado, Environmental Engineering Program, Boulder, Colorado, September 1994. "Natural Resource Impacts from Mining." International Conference on Risks, Resources, and Responsibilities, Sonoma, California, December 1994. "Necessary Changes in Curriculum for Mining Schools: Incorporating Environmental Science and Pollution Prevention." International Conference on Risks, Resources, and Responsibilities, Sonoma, California, December 1994. "Linking geochemistry and fish toxicology at mining sites: Determination of an organic acid analogue for use in copper toxicity studies on salmonids." American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, San Francisco, December, 1994. "Temporal variability in metal concentrations in a mine-impacted stream: implications for metal bioavailability." Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Second World Congress, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, December 1995. "Divining the past: Limitations of current methods for determining baseline water quality at mine sites." Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Invited Speaker for Annual Environmental Forum - Prospects for the Future: Gold and Water in the Earth System, Denver, Colorado, October 1996. "Putting it back together again: Mining and remediation for the long haul." Invited speaker for Metal Mining and Sustainable Development, Resourcing the Future, Toronto, Canada, May, 2002. Invited lecturer at University of Colorado ­ Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program class. Discussed international mining projects, especially at the Yanacocha Mine in Peru and the Cananea Mine in Mexico. 2003. "Mass balance modeling of copper loading to Berkeley Pit, Montana, and implications for pit backfilling." Invited speaker for Mine Design, Operations & Closure conference, Polson, Montana, April 2004.

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Invited speaker at Princeton University, Stanford University, Columbia University, The Commonwealth Club, California Institute of Technology, University of Maine, University of Colorado, U.S. Congress (testified on mining regulation)

COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS
EPA's Mine Waste Policy Dialogue Committee, 1991 Western Governors' Association's Mine Waste Working Group, 1992 Bureau of Mines Environmental Working Group, Golden, Colorado, 1994 National Academy of Sciences Committee on Bureau of Mines Research, 1995 National Academy of Sciences Committee to Review the Mineral Resource Surveys Program Plan of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995-96 National Academy of Sciences Committee on Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands, 1999 National Academy of Sciences Committee on Technologies for the Mining Industries, 2000 (elected but declined serving) Metal Mining and Sustainable Development, Global Reporting Initiative Advisory Panel, Public Reporting in the Mining and Minerals Sector, 2001 Water-Rock Interaction Organizing Committee and Scientific Committee, 2004

ACADEMIC HONORS, AWARDS, AND FELLOWSHIPS
Elected to National Academy of Sciences Committee on Technologies for the Mining Industries, 2000 Selected as Adrian Smith Lecturer in Applied Geochemistry, University of Waterloo, 1999 Elected to National Academy of Sciences Committee on Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands, 1999 Elected to National Academy of Sciences Committee on Bureau of Mines Research, 1995 Elected to National Academy of Sciences Committee to Review the Mineral Resource Surveys Program Plan of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995 National Academy of Sciences postdoctoral fellowship, 1983-1985 Princeton University full fellowships, 1979-1983 Shell Water Resources Fellowship, 1982 Graduated summa cum laude, phi beta kappa, January 1979 Outstanding senior in Geology award, May 1978 Alumni Association student award for scholarship, May 1978 Boston University academic scholarships, 1975-1978

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ANN S. MAEST PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

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American Chemical Society, Geochemistry Division Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Engineering (SME), Environmental Division Geochemical Society

ADDRESS/PHONE/FAX/EMAIL
Ann Maest Buka Environmental 729 Walnut Street, Suite D5 Boulder, CO 80302 Senior Advisor Stratus Consulting, Inc. 1889 9th Street Boulder, CO 80302 303-449-0390 303-413-9143 FAX [email protected]

303-381-8000 303-381-8200 [email protected]

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