Free Response to Motion [Dispositive] - District Court of Federal Claims - federal

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ATTACHMENT 5 United Sates Department of Agriculture Mineral Report Mineral Examination of the Eddy Gulch Group of Gold Properties Klamath National Forest Siskiyou County, California July 30, 1999

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UJ"'TED ST A TES
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DEP ARTME~i OF AGRICULTURE

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MTh-rRA REPORT

MINRA EXAINATION OF THE
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EDDY GULCH GROUP OF GOLD .PROPERTIES KLAMA TH NATIONAL FOREST. .. SISKIOU COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Lands Involved

Mount Diablo Meridian
iJ) ,T.39 ~'s~~~ln ~':'portion
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Section 10 - Portion containing approximately 532.65 acres (215.56 hectares)
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Prepared By:

John Gutierrez

Certfied Mineral Examiner
Southwestern Region 3

James W. DeMaagd Mineral Examiner .Shasta-Trinit)' National Forest

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July 30, 1999

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UNTED STATES

DEPARTMNT OF AGRICULTU
FOREST SERVICE

11RA REPORT.

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MIRA EXAATION OF TH
EDDY GULCH GROUP OF GOLD PROPERTIES. KLAMTH NATIONAL FOREST

SISKIOU COUNY, CALIFORNA

LANS INOLVED
Mount Diablo Meridian
T. 39 N., R. 11 W.,

Section 9 -Portion; Section 10 -Portion;

containing approxiately 532.65 acres (215.56 hectares)
Prepared by

~ James W.

~ "2.~.

Mineral Examer. Shasta- Trity National Forest

July 30, 1999

Techncal Review

~.L ~~
Hiton Cass.

Certifed Review Mineral Exaner # 1 5
Regional Mining Engieer
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.dÇb~ /-l. /"T9,?
l(/ ~
,.

Date

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Sample Processing 24 Procedures 18 Sample ANALYSIS 25 SAMPLE
Environmental Testing 27
MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES 30

EXPLORATION WORK 9 MINING CLAIM DEVELOPMENT WORK 11 PROPOSED PLANS OF OPERATIONS 13 FIELD EXAMINATION17 16 Posting / Acreage

Regional 4 Site Geology 5 Mineral Deposits 6 PRODUCTION HISTORY 7

INTRODUCTION 1 LANDS INVOLVED 2 PHYSIOGRAPHY 3 GEOLOGIC SETTING 4

Page

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 38 Comingled Mine/Mill Operation Evaluation 39 Profit v. Loss Analysis 41 Individual Claim Evaluation 43 Profit v. Loss Analysis 44 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS 46
REFERENCES
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Mine Waste Dumps 34 CLAIMANT'S RESOURCE ESTIMATES 37

Surface Veins 30 Underground Veins 33

Claimant's Test Results on Flotation 29

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APPENDICES: A thru D ATTACHMENTS" E - Mountain States Research & Development, Inc, Final Report F - Adventurine Engineering's Capital & Cost Estimate & Economic

Evaluation for Libert Mines, Inc.

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MINERAL REPORT Sunrise and Six O'Clock Lode Mining Claims and the Yankee, Sunset, Compressor and East Fork Placer Mining Claims

Liberty Mining District, Siskiyou County, California
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INTRODUCTION

The purpose 'of this report is to convey the results of a. field oriented mineral examination and analysis of the subject group of lode and placer gold mining claims situated within the Klamath NationaJ Forest, Siskiyou County, California. The report addresses the validity of certain unpatented mining claims and should than that for which it was prepared.
not be used for purposes other

This investigation was conducted at the request of the Regional Forester, Pacific 5, in response to a lawsuit filed by some of the mining claimants against the United States (Alfred Aloisi, et al. v. United States, U.S.
Southwest Region

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Coun of Federal Claims 95-650-L). Plaintiffs allege that their property interests in
the subject unpatented mining claims have been temporarily taken without just In order for an individual to establish a compensable proper:y interest in a mining claim, there must be a it is determined that there has been. no discovery, the claims are found inval.id. Skaw v. United States, 13 Ci. Ct. 7, 28 (1987), aftd mem., 847 F 2d 842 (Fed Cir.), cen. denied, 488 U.S. 854 (1988).
compensation, in violation of the Fifth Amendment. determination by the U.S. Department of Interior of the validity of that claim. If

Background
Claimant Fred Aloisi has conducted sporadic exploration activities on the subject mining claims since the mid-1980's. From 1989 through 1992, Aloisi submitted several supplemental plans of operations to the Klamath National Forest for "exploratory activities, sampling and road construction. The Forest Service was unable to complete its evaluation of all'aspects of the plans because of consultation requirements under the Endangered Species -Act and the lack of critical information from the claimant. The'subject mining 'claims are within the critical habitat of-the protected Northern Spotted Owl. Plaintiffs of the lawsuit allege that the Forest Service interfered with their property rights under the of 1872 through the failure to promptly approve all phases of the
Mining Law

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) proposed operations from July 23, 1990 through February 8, 1994. This mineral

report considers the question of validity between July 23, 1990 and February 8, 1994, for the purpose of identifying whether any propert interest that may have existed in the subject mining claims between those key date~. This report also addresses the validity of the mining claims as of the time of their location in 1985 and as of .the time of the mineral examination in 1998.
Record Data

The unpatented mining claims. for this report are the Sunrise and the Six O'Clock

lode mining claims, the Sunset placer mining claim, and the Compressor, East
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Fork, arid Yankee association placer mining claims. The claimant, Fred Aloisi, . located the Sunrise, Six O'Clock and Suns"et claims on April 21, 1985. The remaining association placer claims were located by Fred Aloisi and members of his family and the Pincombe and Kendle families on June 10, 1985. The claims have been properly recorded with the Siskiyou County Recorder. Table A of

Appendix A displays the record information for the subject claims. Annual
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assessment work or payment of rental fees in lieu of assessment work has been timely submitted to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) since the .date of

recordation. Appendix A, Table B displays this data.
The Department of Justice notified the claimant about the need for a validity examination in April of 1998. In June 1998, Mr. Aloisi was asked for information regarding the other claimants-of-record for the association placer mining claims.
No further information was forthcoming ~rom the claimant. Claimant Fred Aloisi .

has asserted that he has sole control and ownership of the mining claims. Efforts to verify h'is contention have been unsuccessful and certified letters to the other

ciaimants-of.;record have been returned unanswered. Appendix A (3)
A letter dated September 24, 1998, from Fred Aloisi's counsel, Mr. Larry McBride, assures that all ownership has been consolidated in Fred Aloisi's name,

although no documentation has bee(1 provided to date. Appendix A (4)
LANDS INVOLVED

Description and Status
Both the lode and placer unpatented mining claims are located within the headwaters of Eddy Gulch, a tributary of the North Fork Salmon River, in ) Township 39 North, Range 11 West, Sections 9 & 10, Mount Diablo Meridian,

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) Siskiyou County, California. They form a part of what has become known as the

Liberty or Eddy Gulch Group of properties located in the Liberty Mining District. BLM master title plats indicate the lands are not subject to any form of withdrawal and are therefore'open to entry and location under the Mining Law. Surface

management is by'the USDA Forest Service. .
The descriptions of the unpatented mining claims in this report are based on the legal descriptions and mapping for the claimant by geologist Tom Ferrero. It is not known how Mr. Ferrero, a registered surveyor, established the location of th.e Compressor, Easi Fork and Yankee placer mining claims. Currently, these

mining claims are described by legal subdivision. The township where the
Liberty mining claims are found has not been legally surveyed by the Bureau of Land Management. Therefore, it is possible that the exact location of the Liberty

mining claims may have to be determined at a later date.
PHYSIOGRAPHY

Thé claims lie in the west-central portion of the Klamath Mountains in the

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extreme northwestern portion of California approximately 68 air kilometers (42 miles) southwest of the town of Yreka, California. The lands are located within the Salmon River Ranger District, Klamath National Forest. The location of the subject mining claims is shown on the Eddy Gulch claims location map.

The claims lie on steep hilslopes. Elevations vary from a maximum elevation of

4,800' (1,463 m) along the southwest corner of the Yankee PMC to a minimum' elevation of 3,200' (975 ni) along the northwest corner of the Compressor PMC.
Mean annual precipitation is 127 centimeters (50 inches), including some snow in the winter months (USDI, 1975).
Ground Cover / Surface Values / Land Use

The waterways throughout the area are

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recreation: .

Vegetation in the area consists of mixed conifers and hardwoods with locally dense undergrowth. Over much of the claim area, a dense cover of fallen trees and thick underbrush makes accessibilitý difficult. Areas barren of Qround cover consist of dump material from historic mining as recent as the mid 1930's. Land us~s in the general area consist of recreation, small scale mining and logging. utilized for fishing and dispersed

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Access and Power
Year-round access to the claims from Yreka, California, is along State Highway 3 söuth 'for 24 kilometers (15 miles) to Fort Jones, California. From Ft Jones, it is 19 .kilometers (12 miles) to Etna. The community of Sawyers Bar is 32 kilometers

of Sawyer's Bar up Forest Road 39N27, which is .an improved dirt road. Turning off the Forest Road, the claim road is a narrow
kilometers (3 miles) south

(20 miles) from Etna along Road 1 CO~. The subject mining claims are 5

unsurfaced road maintained only by the claimant. The claimant has built a system of roads beginning at the Rollns millsite and across the claim group. Portions are very steep and the surface is extremely loose with low water crossings. The spur road leading to the Six O'Clock claim on Incline Ridge is very narrow with tight turns. Numerous creek crossings are also encountered on the road. The narrow, unimproved road system is currently suitable for one-way traffic and susceptible to frequent washouts. Within the claim block area, 'considerable upgrading of the road will be required for suitable heavy truck traffic

use.
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Commercial electrical power is not available at the site.
GEOLOGIC SETTING

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,Regional Geology .
The geology of the Liberty Mining District is documented by numerous authors.
It is thought by many to be very similar'to the Calaveras, Mariposa and other' formations that make up the Sierra Mother lode belt. The area is located in the Western Paleozoic and Triassic belt of the Klamath Mountains Geologic "of a series of lithotectonic belts, or thrust plates which decrease in age
Province. The Klamath Mountains province is composed north-south trending

from east to west. The rock types associated with the province represent

marine sediments. As portions of the Pacific Plate were subducted eastward under the .North American .Plate in the Devonian to Middle Jurassic (408-185 Ma.), rocks accreted onto the North American Plate forming the Klamath Mountains Province (Irwin, 1981). The province is distinguished by a series of arcuate, eastward dipping belts separated
island-arc volcanics, oceanic crust and

by bands of ultramafic rocks an.d thrust faults.
The Eastern Klamath belt is the oldest and most eastern subprovince of the

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Klamath Mountains province. Adjacent to this along the west is the Central Metamorphic belt. West of this is the Western Paleozoic and Triassic belt, which
is subdivided into the North Fork Terrane, Hayfork Terrane and the Rattlesnake Creek Terrane (from east to west). The subject mining claim parcels can be found in the North Fork Terrane. The Western Jurassic belt is the youngest and furthest west subprovince of the Klamath .Mountains province (Irwin, 1981).
The Western Paleozoic and Triassic belt is the most extensive subunit in

the Klamath Mountains province. It constitutes a broad, continuous, north-south

trending belt throughout the entire length of the province (Holtz, 1971). It includes abundant fine,.grained clastic sediments, rhythmically bedded chert, mafic volcanic rocks, and scattered lenticular bodies of crystalline limestone or marble. Rocks throughout much of the belt have been regionally metamorphosed altering the original mafic volcanic rocks to greenstones, , development of cleavages in argillaceous rocks, and recrystallization of limestone to marble (Holtz, 1971).
Site Geology

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The geology of the Sunrise and Six O'Clock lode claims was noted by the authors on a topographic map of the area. Within the boundaries of the Sunrise claim,

interbedded metasediments of schist, slate and chert are found in the road cut ,
above the mine road. These metasediments host the so-called apex vein, a white to milky white hard quartz vein. It is appears that the hard ridge running the length of the claim contains the apex vein, although actual vein exposure seen in ' the field totalled only about 122 meters (400'). Along strike, the quartz vein or zone varies in thickness and displays a distinct layering and brecciation. The layering effect of quartz has often been reported in the District and suggests episodic minerali;zing phases as movement occurred along the fissure zone.

Appendix C, Figure 1 displays this quartz layering phenomenon.
Paralleling the quartz veins, highly argillized diorite dikes or sills were noted by the mineral examiners. This is a common occurrence in the District and can be indicative of mineralization along this contact. Freshly broken rock faces displays the typical rusty weathered color of sulphide mineral oxidation and remnant mineral casts. No visible gold was observed.

The Sunr.ise apex vein follows the trace orpath of a major thrust fault known to run through the claim area. This shearing action has resulted in the crushed
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j quartz, silicified schist, felsite and inclusions of the country rock found in the vein.

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Compass bearings taken along the vein structure by the authors displayed a northeast trend with an almost flat to shallow angle of 15-30 degrees dip to the southeast. EarBer investigators noted the presence of north striking vertical

faulting cross-cutting the flatter apex vein. Cooksley (1995) reports that this
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displacement does not greatly affect the occurrence of mineralization.

The Six O'Clock lode claim lies on steep ridges to the northeast of the Sunrise
claim. The surface of the claim, though difficult to assess, is composed of carbonaceous schists and bedded cherts. On the north end of the claim, porphyry dike rocks are found on the surface. The trace of Stevens Fault which runs NW-SE through the claim was not seen in the field by the authors, although presence can be discerned by-topography. To the northeast of the fault, lie a mixture of the bedded cherts, carbonaceous and peliic schists wedges, probably.
its

resulting from movement along the fault. The near-surface vein ("reverse dipping vein") referred to by Ferrero was not evident in the field. However, backhoe trenching by the Forest SeNice mineral examiners revealed swarms of quartz . . veinlets intruding the host rock. Appendix C (1) contains geologic maps and
cross-sections of the Sunrise and Six O'Clock claims, illustrating the site geology..
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Mineral Deposits
Mineral deposits within the Liberty Mining District are found within an extensive fissure zone in Mesozoic and Paleozoic host rocks. Gold mineralization occurs along thrust related stress fissures paralleling the thrust zone. Earlier investigators found evidence of upward migrating mineralized .hydrothermal fluids

penetrated into the thrust fissure zone. In the fractured zone, the less resistant
schist and slate horizons form the loci of the most extensive fissures. Fluid emplacement took place mostly along the contact with siliceous schist or bedded chert. Area faulting and folding later trapped the mineralized fluids. As noted in

the field, altered dike rocks (porphyry) occur adjacent or paralleling the quartz veins. Mineral occurrences are known to be lenticular in shape, occur in shoots
and rake northerly. The fissure quartz veins in the District extend from four to six feet in thickness, with reports of veins up to 9.8 meters (32') in underground mines. The main structure has been described as containing two or three veins, exposed on the surface of the Sunrise lode appears in places to be a siliceous "zone" rather than a distinct vein separated by gouge. The historical records report that gold occurs
commonly separated by gouge and porphyry. The vein(s)

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mostly as "free gold" with the rest (1-2%) occurring in disseminated sulfides, particulaily arsenopyrite. In places, gold mineralization penetrates the'altered
porphyry host rock.

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The claimant has stated that the discovery location on each of his placer claims is the pile of loose dump materials lying within each claim. The' material found within the"Sunset, Yankee, Compressor and East Fork PMCs are mostly discarded waste rock from mining. While the claimant assumes the mine dump materials have come from adjacent underground openings, there is no evidence to prove that all or a portion came from one source. It is possible th.at mixing of

dump materials from outside sources might have taken place.
Take for example, the Blacksmith tunnel mine dump. Both the authors and Tom Ferrero noted that mine dump materials appeared to be mixed with roadfill materials. Historic miners were not adversed to mixing of their ores to "sweeten" outside the subject claim could have been transported to the mine dump sites as part of a milling effort. The point being, that the gold values found in the Klamath dump and others, could be a product of multiple sources. U.S. v. Parker addressed the issue of mineral values
mill runs. Materials from nearby sources

found in a sample taken from a pile of material on a mine dump. Without .

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of where the material came from; the material in the dump was not deemed probative of the existence of a valuable mineral deposit. This logic U.S. v. Mavros, when the Board explained why samples from a mine dump cannot be used to support a discovery. In addition, there authority to locate waste rock dumps under the mining law.
knowing the origin was again considered in appears to be no

PRODUCTION HISTORY

The Libert Mining District is well-documented as a historic lode goid producing
district within the Klamath Mountains, Siskiyou County, California. Although various commodities have peen mined from the area, the District is mostly known

for it's gold mines. Although significant gold production from the District has be"en
documented in many historical reports, these records are not adequate to identif~ the extent or location of any production from the subject mining Claims. Other than occasional exploration, active mine production in the District stopped after World War II. The following is a description of known pa~t producing mines in the area. Values reported are for gold.

The Liberty Mining District was first mined in the 1850's. Alluvial placer mining
around .the North Fork of the Salmon River started a long

history of mining .

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beginning in the mid-1800's with the mining of rich gold placers near Sawyers Bar. Following alluvial mining, quartz vein source rocks upstream became the

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focus of further underground exploitation. Initially, numerous arrastras, small
stamp and amalgamation mills were used to recover the gold. As some of the mines expanded in depth and production, larger equipment was brought in using flotation recQvery methods. Based upon.historical records, the total district area production from underground mines was about 81,000 oz. Placer gold production is noted as 150,000 oz produced from earlier placer workings

(Ferrero, 1985). .

From 1865 to 1910, lode mines were extremely productive in the District. During this period, the Black Bear Mine, Klamath and Mountain Laurel Mines became gold producers in the Liberty District. The Black Bear Mine group, rocated in section 13, T. 39 N., R. 12 W., produced $3.1 milion (Clark, 1970). The mine utilized six levels with two shafts, a 45 meter (150') ore chute, crosscuts, drifts, and stopes. About 1370 meters (4500') of vein was mined
the greatest lode

(Brown, 1915). Both the hanging wall and .foot wall are slate.
The Klamath Group of mines had a reported production of $600,000 of gold from 1970). The host rock of the gold mineralization was a black, slaty schist carrying a pronounced post-mineral gouge. Two or three overlapping quarts veins had a width ranging from 0.6 to 7 meters (2 to 24'). Although the veins looked "good", reportedly, much of it was selectively by-passed because of
1865-1910. (Clark,

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its low grade. (Root, 1925) In 1925, the ore remaining at the Klamath Mine was low-grade.
The Mountain Laurel Quartz Mine, on a patented claim, is directly west of the subject Six O'Clock claim and is known to have produced $600,000 through the 1925 (Root, 1925).. The mine worked in a black, slaty
life of the mine up until

graphic schist which, according to Root, carries most of the gold ores in the District. The mine had six levels, but only three were significant. The May adit
was worked for over 828 meters (925') and was not a producer. The Mi adit, 18 meters (60') above the May adit, reportedly contained a one to two meter (3 to 6') wide vein structure from which good grade ore was found. The MJ adit was the site of a small chamber of high grade ore (60 tons worth $ 7,000). A total of 2300 tons was stoped from the MJ adit leveL.
California Consolidated Mine is located in Section 16 and 17, T 39 N, R 11 W, in

the Liberty District. The mine had a 30 meter (100 foot) ore chute in a slate
hanging and footwall carrying a fissure vein (Brown, 1915). Over 305 meters (1,000') had been driven on the vein on two levels with raises, stopes, winzes and crosscuts. The Stevens Tunnel, located 213 meters (700 feet) northwest of

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the subject Six O'Clock claim, was part of the former California Consolidated Mine. Clark (1970) notes the mine produced $473,000 during its active mine lie from the late 1860's to 1910.
Another significant producer was the Union Mine, also known as the Central or

Evening Star Mine. This mine was extensively stoped. Root reports a production
. of $79,000 from the processing of 7,000 tons of ore prior to 1925. Common with many of the mines in the area, the hanging wall is a black, slaty, graphitic schist. The footwall consists of a light-colored dike rock. Failed attempts were made to connect the Union with the northward extension of the Klamath vein on the west. Earlier reports (Elmendorf, 1932) refer to the area's vein systems being exploited as "pocket hunting", meaning a vein with sporadic occurrences of gold, often concentrated in distinct pods or pockets. This fact, coupled with the crowded conditions of the mine locations, led to numerous lawsuits between mine owners, Locally, the most famous lawsuit involved the Union #8 ore shoot between the Mountain Laurel and Union mine owners, which virtually stopped all mining for 30 years before it was resolved.

(

EXPLOrlA TIONWORK
) Previous Investigators

Numerous investigators have examined the mine dumps and vein strùctures in this area. Consequently, there are numerous historical records and drilling, assay

and metallurgical data available for the mines and mineral occurrences in the
Liberty Mining District.
Cinch Uranium,' Ltd., drilled 5 holes exploring the Union vein and other ore shoots. Gold mineralization was reportedly intersected by one drill hole, but the overall results were very limited due to poor core recovery. No overall assessment of the properties held that further exploration was needed due to the erratic nature of
In 1975-76, New important gold bearing zones were found. Their

gold mineralization. New Cinch also sampled and tested mine dump known as
the Klamath Dump, which is on the current Sunset and- Yankee placer mining

claims. Samples were assayed, and some samples were subjected to cyanide
heap leaching to test gold recovery by that method. Leaching of the material was proven unsuccessfuL. The investigator estimated the Klamath Dump tonnages, using a range of tonnage factors, to be from 35,000 to 46,000+ tons averaging 0.1 oz/ton gold. (Sannes, 1977)

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In 1986, Mega Gold conducted reverse circulation drilling based upon recommendations from consulting geologist Robert Gordon.' Mr. Gordon opined that a.large, disseminated gold deposit was unlikely, but that commercial mineralization would probably be similar to the District's past--gold in shoots and pockets in quartz veins and within fractured zones. Mega drilling found gold in limited zones around and including quartz fissure veins in carbonaceous horizons. (Gordon, 1986) Three of the drill holes are on the subjeCt Six O'Clock mining claim.

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Tom Ferrero, consulting geologist, was involved in mapping, sampling and drilling of the subject properties during and following' Mega Gold's exploration. Ferrero concluded that the surface assay work and drilling on the Incline Ridge, which is the location of the Six O'Clock claim, did not identify a bulk mineable deposit. His was that underground, narrow vein gold deposits looked more favorable for further exploration to obtain additional data to project grade and tonnage. Ferrero opined that the so-called "surface apex veins" could be mined profitably if stripping ratios, ore grade and milling characteristics were favorable'. Finally, Mr. Ferrero recommended bulk sampling and mill testing of the mine dumps. (Ferrero, 1986)
opinion

In March of 1988, Consulting Geologists and Engineers, Watts, Griffis and McOuat (WGM), conducted a preliminary feasibility study fo.r Valley View Gold.

Mines, Ltd. of the Libert Mining District, including the subject mining claims.
Hugh Clayton, consulting geologist for WGM, 'reviewed the existing literature, examined the mine dumps and veins and presented his recommendations in a written report to Valley View Gold Mines, Ltd. Clayton developed reserve calculations of the Klamath dumps based on Sannes earlier estimates. Clayton's final recommendations emphasized the need for more metallurgical testing to determine the optimum treatment plan for the dump materials. He recommended additional sampling and measurement of existing reserves, along with a waste and tailings dump assessment. (Clayton, 1.988) ,

In 1990, Mountain States Research & Development, International, Inc., (MSRDI) conducted metallurgical testing of samples provided by Fred Aloisi. Mr. Don

Moore of Argonaut Mill Supply of Tucson, Arizona, submitted .the samples to
MSRDI as part of his investigati,on into the potential for recovering gold from the deposits controlled by Liberty Mining by a gravity and flotation circuit. Details about the source and nature of the samples are not known. MSRDI obtained poor flotation results. Tests showed that a simple flotation circuit does not provide

, a high gold recovery. (MSRDI, 1990). Mr. Moore subsequently questioned Fred

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Aloisi as to whether the samples were'

representative of the ore. He recommended a concentrated effort ta-channel sample the apex vein materiaL. '

(Don Moore, 1990).
In 1993, Cooksley Geophysics, Inc., reviewed the existing reports and assay data for the m.ineral deposits of the Liberty Mine area for Liberty Consolidated Mines,

Inc., (LCM). LCM was interested in re-opening old workings and establishing an
optimum metallurgical recovery process (Cooksley, 1995). Their project '

, development plans called for reopening the mines as an underground operation. Major emphasis of the LCM study was on underground development and evaluating the Union and Mountain Laurel underground reserves. The Cooksley report recommended further exploration of the underground reserves.

MINING CLAIM DEVELOPMENT WORK
Sunrise LMC

(t

The Sunrise lode claim lies in the western part of the Liberty mine claim block and runs east to west along its long axis. This clåim has the most surface disturbance consisting of an access road that runs the length of the claim from east to west. Extensive excavations on the south side of the road exposes the claimant's discovery point--a wide quartz structure that has been sampled in ' several places and noted by painted sample sites.
The access road widens towards the center of the claim for approximately 48

meters (160'). This widened area represents the most extensive development
work within the claim, which the claimant refers to as the Klamath apex pit. The

material found in the road prism was reportedly excavated from the vein by
Liberty Mining and is referred to in this report as the apex road stockpile. In' places along the vein above the Klamath apex pit, timbers or stulls, pokß through the ground surface, confirming that earlier underground work extended to the

surface. Nearby, there is what appears to be a collapsed shaft above the cutbank into the vein. On the southwest end of the claim, a small; untimbered
adit enters below the apex vein, exposing a siliceotJs shear zone. Tom Ferrero referred to the adit as an exploratory tunnel at the time of the field examination.
Six O'Clock LMC
I \

\

trending

The Six O'Clock lode claim lies in the eastern part of the Liberty Mine claim block. is accessed by a very steep
northeasterly on its long axis. This claim

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and narrow road which intersects other roads within its boundaries. Three drill hole locatiõns (DH 86-1,2 &'6) are collared in the far east corner of the claim. Additional drill liole sites are said to be present from drilling in 1975; however, . their locations are uncertain. The only sign of surface development work are small ground excavations on the western end of the claim, including an area of shallow depression near the intersection of the access road. Tom Ferrero has said this depression was the site of a bulk sample taken in 1990.

Yankee PMC

.1

This association placer mining claim overlies the Sunrise lode claim. Mr. Aloisi dumps in the _. area. The Yankee mine waste dump (approximately 1.3 acres) and the southern one-third (0.5 acres) portion of the Klamath mine waste dump are within this claim. There is no evidence of development work related to any of the mine waste dumps other than mine roads and trails that criss-cross portions of-the leads to the site of the Yankee mine waste
reported that the claim was located to appropriate the various mine dumps in places. An abandoned trail

dump. The southern 1/3 of the Klamath mine waste dump is situated in the
'(.") east-centralaccessible by a Yankee association placer claim. This end of the claim is readily portion of the maintained mine road.

Sunset PMC

The Sunset placer mining claim, consisting of 20 acres, has been located over the Sunrise lode claim. This claim takes in all of the Blacksmith mine waste dump (0.5 acres) which adjoins the north end of Klamath mine waste dump. The Sunset PMC also covers the northern two-thirds portion of the Klamath mine waste dump (1.0 acre). Both waste dumps are in the eastern portion of the claim, along the access min,a road. According to the claimant, rock material from the Klamath apex vein häs been incorporated into the road prism on the Sunrise

LMC. For the purposes of this report, this material is considered a development
of the Sunset placer and is called the apex vein road stockpile.
Compressor PMC

The Compressor association placer claim was located to appropriate thè mine waste dump of the abandoned Union Mine. The Union dump is the only known mine waste dump on this claim and is partially on the adjoining East Fork- placer
(, claim. The Union mine waste dump within the Compressor claim, covers

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approximately 0.10 acre. The placer claim is extensively developed by local mine

roads.
East Fork PMC Development on the East Fork association placer claim is limited to the southern tip of the Union mine waste dump and several hundred feet of mine access road.

PROPOSED PLANS OF OPERATIONS
The current claimant and operator, Mr. Fred Aloisi, has occupied and worked .the

subject mining claims since the mid-1980s. He has acquired existing patented
and unpatented mining claims in the Eddy Gulch area and located additional mining claims. Doing business as Liberty Mining, he secured financing, acquired various mining and milling equipment and established a headquarters for his operations at the patented Rollins Millsi.te. The Rollins millsite is about one mile north of the Sunrise lode mining claim. To date, Liberty Mining accomplished the'

construction of the current road system, the excavation on the Sunrise lode
mining claim, bulk sampling on the Six O'Clock lode mining claim and some test
( ,.) millng of materials from the Sunrise claim with a portable gravity concentration

. plant.

Liberty Mining submitted several plans of operation to the Klamath National Forest for the exploration and deveJopment of the Eddy Gulch mining claims

including the mining claims of this report. In June, 1989, Fred Aloisi submitted a
plan of operations for Liberty Mining that called for the repair of existing access roads and bulk sampling and testing of materials from the "Klamath dump", the "Klamath Pit", the "Incline Ridge Pit" and 9thers. "Klamath dumps" refers to the mine dumps on the Sunset and Yankee placer mining claims which are denoted in this' report at the Klamath and the Blacksmith dumps. The "Klamath Pit" is on the Sunrise lode mining claim consisting of the roadside disturbance. The "Incline Ridge pit" is the shallow exploration pits on the Six O'Clock lode mining claim. The proposed plan called for the mined material to be tested through centrifugal concentrators at the ET placer mine, which is patented rand within a mile of the mining claims. This plan was supplemented on July 25,1989, with additions for road construction and haulage of dump material to the ET placer.
more' The most comprehensive Plan

of Operations was submitted on September 28,

/ 1989, by Tom Ferrero for Libert Mining. Styled as the "all phases" plan by

Ferrero, it described a four-phased development work schedule. The stated

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(7-'\ objective was to determine whether there were gold reserves of sufficient quality
)

and quantity to warrant mine development and, if so, proceed with production. Phase 1 included the work in progress under the approved June, 1989, plan. Phasa 2, was "contingent 'on positive results from Phase 1" and included more road construction, bulk sampling, testing mill, and underground exploration, to be completed during Spring and Summer of 1990. Phase 3, "contingent of positive results from Phase 2". called for production from underground mining and surface mining as well as milling, in late 1990 or ea'rly 1991. Phase 4 was
supplemental plan listed the road construction, clearing, excavation and test milling which were expectèd to occur over the following year. The Forest Service approved the Fall - and Winter activities of the Supplemental Plan on November 27, 1989.
supplem,ental Plan of Operations on October 25, 1990. This'

identified as reclamation at an unspecified time. Tom Ferrero submitted a

On March 11, 1991, Ferrero applied for a renewal of the Plan of Operations, with

modifications, for Liberty Mining. The modifications included.drilling four to seven
holes on and in the vicinity of the Six O'Clock lode mining claim. Liberty Mining

submitted a plan of operations on April 1, 1992, that outlined a 10-year proposal

f
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for road construction, .ground clearance for surface mining pits and a millsite, installation of a portable mill, drilling, underground mining and excavation of the dumps and pits on the apex veins. That plan did not provide enough information for the Forest Service to complete a review, and no additional information as requsted has been received.

The following section contain the details of the mining and milling operations that were proposed by Liberty Mining through the Plans of Operations received by the

Forest Service. Appendix B contains copies of these Plans of Operations.

Mining Liberty Mining's plans called for the development of the Sunrise and
Six O'Clock lode claims as surface mines with maximum backwall heights of 52 meters (170 feet) and 1:1 backslopes. The approximate length of each pit as proposed was 366 meters (1200') an.d 183 meters (600'), respectively. The vein material from the lode claims would be blasted or dug and loaded into two Terex scrapers with a 950 Caterpillar front-end loader. The Terex scrapers would transport the mined material to Usher Flat for processing. The proposed mining rate has been variable, but has ranged from 350-1000 tons per day. The mine dumps would be excavated utilizing a 950 Caterpillar front-end loader and loaded into the Terex scrapers for transportation to the Usher Flat processing site.

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Although requirements limiting pit wall heights were abolished in California in 1986, there is still a requirement for mirre operators to have on-site equipment for cleaning and maintaining the integrity of the pit wall. Based on the Glaimants pit development plans, it is possible that pit wall heights will exceed 30.5 meters (100') in some areas and could require a slope stability analysis according to SMARA (Surface Mining and Reclamation Act) regulations of the State of California (Article 9, 3704(f). ,

Milling According to Mr. Aloisi, most of the gold occurs as "free" nuggets and
flakes 'and are thus easily recovered with inexpensive gravity separation

techniques. Liberty mining has proposed to co-mingle the mined material from

the veins and dumps and feed them through a Cedarapids Pitmaster primary
-- crusher, then onto a triple deck screen to obtain a product of 1/8 inch or less
.,
,

diameter. This product would then be taken to the nearby ET placer claim for processing through the two (2) Tri-R centrifugal concentrators. The oversized material would be stockpiled at Usher Flat for later processing with an alternate mathod of concentration, to be determined. The centrifugal concentration method invol\(es feeding fine-grained material and abundant water through a rapidly
) concentrate.. Concentrates from the processing would be sold to a buyer at the

I('ì spinning inclined tube that is lined with riffles and ridges.This process uses
~' gravity

concentration coupled with centrif~gal force to produce a heavy minerals

nearest point of sale. The water for milling would be'drawn from the existing ponds' at the Rollin millsite. Outflow would be channeled through the existing setting ponds at the E. T. placer claim. However, the existing settling ponds are

practically filled with 'sediment and overgrown with vegetation.
considering other options for milling of his ores, which may include a flotation and cyanidation process system. The details of this kind of recovery. system have not been developed yet, but is reportedly under investigation.
In recent correspondence from the claimant, he is now

Reclamation will require erosion control devices, reshaping, coverage by a suitable topsoil material and revegetation according to an agreed upon plan. No Ferrero provided further details of the possible reclamation and tailings. disposal procedures associated with the proposed gravity recovery milL. Appendix D, (5) According to this scenario, tailings from the operation will be slurried through a piping system or hauled by truck down to the'ET settling ponds. As necessary, the ponds would be bailed and the material stockpiled nearby in a berm-contained area that would , allow drainage through a sedime'nt trap. From here, material would be moved to
reclamation plan has been developed; however, Toni

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/ ' , the bottom of the ET pit. At regular intervals, the boulder/gravel/sand native

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stream sedfments, now deposited on the canyon walls, would be utilized to cap the mill tailings within the pit. The final capping layer, a stream sediment mixture

with mostly large boulder, would then be placed over the tailings. This method
would strive to avoid introducing tailings or native fine sediments into the stream, while at the same time reclaiming the former canyon and pit. Tailings would also be disposed of as necessary in road beds, road prisms, as fill material and later

for reclamation purposes. This reclamation scenario has not been submitted for
review by any federal, state, or local agency and approval is only hypotheticaL.

The foregoing mining, milling and reclamation scenariosotfered by Liberty Mining are purely conceptual and depend entirely on whether or not the company is able _ to discover an ore-grade deposit as stipulated in the exploration phase of its proposed plan of operation. Therefore, if a discovery could be made, the size, depend directly on the size, location and character of the deposit.
location and type of mining or milling operations would

FIELD EXAMINATION
((' The authors conducted

a field examination of the subject mining claim area beginning July 27-29, 1998. During the course of the field work, other qualified Forest Service mineral examiners were involved in mapping and sampling due to

the large number and weight of tne samples. '
Tom Ferrero was designated by Fred Aloisi as the field representative for the examination. Also present as a representative of Mr. Aloisi was Mr. David Giles, a consulting geologist. The authors relied heavily upon Tom Ferrero for field orientation and identification of claim corners and workings. Mr. Ferrero identified the discovery points for collecting samples from each minìng claim. Mr. Ferrero also provided information on geology, past sampling and assays, and maps. He and Mr. Aloisi provided information and details regarding Liberty Mining's past ' and proposed mining and milling processes. The field examination also involved recording information on and photographing the mining and milling equipment that is stored at the Rollins millsite. The sampling procedures and scenarios that were agreed upon prior to the field examination, are shown in Appendix D (1, 2 & 3).
(

The original purpose of the field examination was to investigate the economic viability of producing gold from veins and dumps that had been proposed for

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in the plans of operations from 1989 through 1992. The Yankee mine
waste dump within the Yankee PMC was included in the field examination at the

request of Mr. Aloisis in June 1998. Mr. Aloisi asserted that the alleged discovery of valuable mineralization for the Yankee PMC is the Yankee mine waste dump.
The Six O'Clock underground mining proposal was not originally part of the field examination because underground mining of the vein on this claim was not After conclusion of the field examination, the Forest Service received a proposed mining scenario by Mr. Ferrero which included an underground operation on the Six O'Clock LMC. Details about mine
specified in any plan of operations.

reserves, mine and mil costs, projected recovery rates, etc were received on
February 12, 1998 for an underground mining operation. Mr. Ferrero has asserted that the entire apex vein and the exploration drill holes are'the discovery on this claim. In addition, following the field examination, the claimant completely changed his mill recovery scheme that he had previously stipulated to in documents to the Forest Service. Claimant Aloisi now dismisses a centrifuge recovery mill in favor of a gravity / flotation / cyanidation system.

Posting & Acreage
6"

)

The NE claim corner posts for the Sunrise lode claim and the Sunset placer claim
were located on the ground by a team of Forest Service mineral examiners on June 9, 1998. On that date, the author Jim OeMaagd, mineral examiner Hilton Cass and geologist ~erry Olson visited the claim area to familiarize themselves with the present-day improvements and exposures on the ground. Accompanying them were Fred Aloisi and Tom Ferrero, 'as well as Harry Frey, Lands Officer and Howard Whitmaf!, surveyor, from the Klamath National Forest. Forest Service surveyor Howard Whitman set location points with a Global Positioning System
(GPS) device in order for the examiners to pin point on the ground features'

such

as claim corner monuments, mine dumps and sample points. On July 21 and 22, . 1998, OeMaagd and Cass visited the mining claims site ágain to map the
GPS points earlier

perimeter dimensions of the Klamath and Union dumps and tie the dumps to the set by Mr. Whitman. Mapping the mine dumps consisted of

measuring the distance with a 61 meter (200 foot) tape, hip chain and a Brunton compass. Bearings and distances were logged and plotted to determine of the area concerned. Depths of the mine dumps were left to be determined later during actual sampling.
locations and dimension

f

The monument for the corner of the Sunrise lode mining claim was reconstructed

in the field by Tom Ferrero on July 27. The monument for this corner had been

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disturbed by work on the adjoining Oariel mining claim. On August 11, 1998, the authors and mineral examiner Rich Teixeira, located the corner monuments for the Six O'ClockJode mining claim.
claims are located by legal subdivision and do not have their corners monumented in the field. On 'June 9, 1999, Tom Ferrero pointed out a post below the Union dump which he said corresponded to the common claim boundary line between the Compressor and East Fork placer claims. The position of this boundary line between the claims was established on the ground by Cass and OeMaagd using tape and compass
The Yankee, Compressor and East Fork association placer

survey methods.
_.. Sampling Procedures
¡ i I !

On June 16, 1998, the author Jim OeMaagd and mineral examiners Hilton Cass and Richard Teixeira met with claimant Fred Aloisiand Tom Ferrero to discuss

the sampling of the claims. It was agreed that all samples were to be taken from

(,

)

surface outcrops and mine waste dumps. Sampling sites were identified on the lode mining claims that were for the Six O'Clock lode mining claim were determined in the field duri.ng the examination of July 27-29. On July 14, 1998, Hilton Cass wrote Tom Ferrero outlining the agreed upon procedures to be followed for sampling Liberty's claims Appendix D (2&3).
Sunrise lode mining claim and some additional subsequently deleted from the investigation. Sample sites

'.1

It was agreed that Mr. Ferrero was to be present during the sampling .to point out the discovery points within each claim. There was general agreement regarding how samples were to be taken, how much sample, etc., recognizing that field conditions or unforeseen circumstances could vary procedures.
The authors sampled each of the lode claims (Sunrise and Six O'Clock) as well as each placer claim (Sunset, Compressor, East Fork and Yankee). Forest Service mineral examiners who participated included Hilton Cass, Rich Teixeira

and Mike Ounr-. Mr. Ferrero and/or Mr. Giles were present during the collection
of most of the samples and were advised of the procedures to be used and given

the opportunity for input. .
It was previously agreed to use a mechaniied backhoe to obtain as many . channel samples as possible. The Klamath National Forest contracted with a local operator for the backhoe services on July 27 and 28. However, equipment breakdowns and the unexpected delays involved in opening access to the Six

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O'Clock mining claim sèverely hampered the use of the backhoe. Consequently, the backhoe was used for preparing as many sample sites as was possible.

With the exception of the "grab" samples, all samples were channel cut by hand
after first scraping "clean" the sample face to expose fresh materiaL. When

possible, and/or for safety purposes, the backhoe was used to clean the channel
sample face. All channel cut samples were captured using either a bucket, sample can or by catching the material on a tarp. We attempted to obtain a 5 gallon sample for each 1.5 meter (5') length of channel sample. Samples were

weighed in the field with a hand-held scale, double-bagged, marked, and
photographed. The site locations were notèd on a map. The few grab samples obtained were to verify the presence of minera'lization or continuity of structure.

The maps in Appendix C, (2) display the location of the sample sites within the
lode and placer claims.
The mine dumps were the only materials identified for sampling on the placer

GIaims. Tom Ferrero pointed out each'discovery location on the claims. The

(;

mine dump samples were taken by backhoe excavation or hand-dug when conditions disallowed backhoe access. Most of the sample sites beyond the northern end of the Klamath mine waste dump (identified as the Blacksmith dump

in this report) were inaccessible by the backhoe because of the heavy
overgrowth of vegetation and blown-down trees. Mechanical problems with the backhoe also limited the number of sample sites that could be dug with the backhoe. We attempted to reach native soil at each sample site. When possible, two (2) five gallon bucketfuls of sample from each sample site was a minimum goaL. The procedures for handling and recording the mine dump samples were the same as for the lode samples. However, the claimant was advised when circumstances required sampling procedures different from

pre-examination agreements. Appendix D (4) .
During the sampling, individual samples remained in the custody of
in a locked Forest Service truck after collection and were transported each day to a storage facility in Yreka, California, where .they were kept in a locked storage unit. On September 8, 1998, the authors transported the samples to the Mountain States Research & Deve.lopment laboratory in Vail, Arizona, in a locked van. Secure custody was
the authors. The samples were placed

maintained during the trip until samples were turned over to Dr. Roshan Bhappu,
President of Mountain States Research & Development, International (MSRDI) for processing and analysis. The author John Gutierrez. took custody of the

sample pulps from the laboratory after the analyses were completed and
transferred them to a temporary locked storage facility in Tucson, Arizona, and

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later to a Forest Service evidence storage facility at Tonto Basin, Arizona. The samples continue to be secured by MSRDI in Tucson, Arizona.
remaining umpire

is a chart that summarizes the data concerning each sample. Refer to Appendix C (3) for photographs of both lode and placer claim sample sites.
Appendix C, (4)

Sunrise LMC Sampling
Tom Ferrero directed the mineral examiners to the discovery point on this claim, which is a milky, white quartz vein. The apex vein extends through the long axis of the claim, adjacent and directly south of the existing mine road. The physical exposu're of the vein along strike is about 122 m (400'), although a strong, continuing structure is indicated beneath the shallow ground cover.
ï

The basic trend of the apex vein structure is northeasterly, dipping 15-20 deg,rees
southeast. Typically, the surface vein consists of a 3 to 4.6 meter (10-15') siliceous zone, commonly capped by quartz breccia. The banded structure is separated by gouge layers. Due to shearing action, the crushed zone makes distinct mineralogical identification difficult. Removal of the surface quartz reveals that oxidation has penetrated at least 1-2 feet into the vein. The claimant has indicated he will remove and process the entire vein exposed in the road cut. Ferrero and/or David Giles, were present during the sampling of the apex

("

,ì

)

Tom

vein..

A total of 12 channel samples were obtained from the Sunrise apex vein perpendicular to strike and identified as 'samples KV-1 through KV-11 and KV-15. Samples KV-1 thru KV-6 and KV-8 were taken perpendicular to a highly sheared, buff to red-brown zone of silicified schist, capped by white quartz. By prior agreement, the authors directed the backhoe to dig vertically alongside the apex vein in three areas in order to verify the width of the vein near surface. At sample sites KV-7 and KV-9, which were approximately 21.3 m (70') apart, the width of the surface apex vein measured 6.4 rn (21') and 7.38 m (24.2'), respectively.. Approximately five hundred .feet to the northeast along strike (KV-15), the surface vein was excavated down 3.7 m (12'), before it became impossible for the backhoe to excavate further. It was readily apparent the vein in this area continued downward. Sample materials from KV-7, KV-9 and KV-15 were

divided into upper and lower seçtions of the vein in order to detect vertical .
changes in values which could relate to oxidation, lithology changes, etc.
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KV-7 and 7a are from one channel cut in a distinctive, highly-indurated

blue-white quartz reef displaying hematitic stained fractures and vugs. Chloritic
schi'st can be seen localized along fractures and shatter planes. The KV-9 and 9a channel samples are from the same blue-white quartz reef which appeared to ' become more intensely iron-stained with depth. The KV-1 0 channel sample cut 3 meters (10') of highly oxidized siliceous gouge material containing dark to black carbonaceous schist and iron-stained vugs. KV-11 is from the blue-white quartz reef, containing a less intense degree of oxidation with depth. KV-15 exposed a highly sheared zone with alternating layers of fresh and oxidized quartz.

Sample KV-12 was obtained from the adjacent Dariel claim. Samples KV-13 and KV-14 were obtained from the road prism which is called the apex road stockpil'e

in this report.
Six O'Clock LMC Sampling
No apparent structure or vein trace is exposed on the surface of this claim. White quartz float rock is scattered alongside the mine road running through this

claim: Tom Ferrero directed the backhoe to excavate trenches where he
(? \ believed the main gold-bearing vein (which he calls the "reverse dipping vein") to

) be exposed at the surface. The excavated trenches displayed a distinct schistose zone where shearing and recrystallization .of siliceous rocks, is evident.

The authors and mineral examiner Rich Teixiera obtained five samples from this claim. These consisted of four channel samples identified as the Six O'Clock #1, #2, #3, and #5, from the excavated trenches within the claim. A single grab

sample (Six O'Clock #4) was taken from loose material adjacent to a trench. All
sampl~materials are similar in color (tan-brown) and texture. The veining and and siliceous strings of quartz contain dark blebs of iron oxide or carbonaceous (schist) materiaL. Quartz veining contacts darker porphyry sill rocks in the Six O'Clock #1 sample site. The channel sample took in a portion of the porphyry sill

rock in the event that any gold mineralization could have penetrated the porphyry. The Six O'Clock #2 sample is from a highly sheared metasediment
zone containing quartz and chert veinlets. The Six O'Clock #3 sample is from an

exposure that shows'swarms of quartz veinlets in a carbonaceous schist
bedrock. Sample Six O'Clock #5 is from material similar to that exposed at the Six O'Cloqk #3 site.
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Sunset PMC Sampling

Generally speaking, all of the Libert mine waste dumps were formed of rock
material that had been blasted, mucked out and randomly dumped over edge of

the hillside. This haphazardly disposal of rock material would cause the mine
dump pile to be erratic, segregated and classified into discontinuous layers.The authors observed such conditions with all of the Liberty mine waste dumps. .

The Sunset placer mining claim includes approximately the northern two-thirds of the Klamath mine dump and all of the Blacksmith mine dump. The plan view map of the Klamath dump in Appendix C (6)" illustrates the division of the

Klamath mine dump between the Sunset PMC and the Yankee PMC. For the
purposes of this report, the apex road stockpile material is considered to be part
of this claim. Eleven samples (KD 1,2 & 4, BS-1 thru'6 and KV-13 & 14) were

obtained by both backhoe and hand methods. A measured channel sample was cut from top to bottom in each excavated hole or on the sloping dump face from
the Blacksmith and Klamath mine waste dumps. Because of the natur"e of mine dump construction, these samples were cut vertically across all stratified layers in .

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order to obtain a representative sample of the material sampled. Samples taken from the apex road stockpile were obtained using the backhoe bucket to channel or slot the side of the excavated hole. The bucket was used to obtain the
samples because o.t safety reasons.

The native ground surface was not reached in any sample pit. Both the Klamath and Blacksmith dump materials are predominantly gray to black fine-grained and sandy materials, containing angular rock fragments from 2.5 to 5 centimeters (1-2") in diameter. Many. of the rock fragments show quartz veinlets and stringers and some sulfide mineralization. The .material sampled for the Blacksmith #2 sample shows an abrupt change in color. to tan-buff, which could be

contamination with road surface materials. The sample, t?ken from the apex
road stockpile (KV- 13 , KV-14), consists of a brown silt and sand mixture with' abundant angular stones and boulders, many containing quartz.
Yankee PMC Sampling

This claim includes the Yankee mine waste dump in the northwest quarter of the claim and the southern one-third of the Klamath mine waste dump in the east
central part of the claim. The portion of the Klamath mine dump which lies 'within
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the Yankee PMC is shown in the plan view map in Appendix C (6). A total of
twelve (12) samples were obtained from the Yankee PMC: YD1 a thru YD1 c were

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obtained from the main pile of material on the Yankee dump. Samples YO 1 d-1 and Y01 d-2 were taken from a small, separate pile away from the main Yankee

dump. Whether this pile is from the.same origin as the larger dump is uncertain,
but it is included by the authors with the Yankee PMC samples. Samples KD-3, KD-5 through KD-B were obtained from the Klamath mine waste dump. All but samples KD-6 and KD-7 were taken by hand excavations. All samples were length of the holes
obtained from measured channel cuts that ran the vertical

from top to bottom in order to obtain a representation of the various layers of
sample pits. The sampled materials from both a