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Exhibit I
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' 'I:EDITOR IN CHIEF
~/icG~AW-HILL BO0~ CO~IPA~Y
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On the cover: Pattern produced from white light by a computer-generated diffraction plate containing 529 square apertures arranged in a 23 × 23 array. (R. B. Hoover, Marshall Space Flight Center) On the title pages~!ii~,~ ~. ~1. 23 , M~-~L 989 spacecraft~~ (NASA,), ~ini ~
Ii~ctiidediii"thls D~ctlona are defimt~ons.wluch l'iave been pubhshed prewously zn the following ~;:~brksi: P;~B;'Jord~i~ai~:Condensed Computer Encyclop~&a, .Copyngh! © 196~ ~y MgGraw-H~l!i.!ncr~ :'~il~tJ~ht~:~esd~ve~.: j'.: Markus; Electronics ahd N~lbonics~Dictiotihry, 4th ed.~ COpyright © 1960,~ 1966, 1978 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. J. Quick, Artists' and Illustrators' Encyclopedia, Copyright © 196~)
of Stanaara ed Terms,
I~IcGRAW-I-IILL D~CTIlONARY OF SC~ENT~'IC AND TECHI~IICAL TERI~S, Fourth Edition Copyright .© 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hil!, Inc. All rights resd~ed.. PiSh~d"in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any m.F~ns, or:~tfred.. in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234.567890 DOW/DOW 8954321098
ISBN 0-07-045270-9Library of Congress Cataloging.in.Publlcation Data McGraw-Hill dictionary of ~ieritific and technical terms. 1. Science--Dictionaries. 2. Technology--Dictionaries. I. Parker, Sybil P. Q123.M34 1989 503'/21 88-13490 ISBN 0-07-045270-9
For more information about other McGraw-Hill materials, call 1-800-2-1VlCGRAW in the United States. In other countries, call your nearest McGraw-Hill office.
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rayon tow [TEXT] Large number of continuous rayon filaments that give the appearance of untwisted rope; when cut into~ suitable lengths, this material becomes rayon staple. { 'r~,~inl,t6 }. ray parameter [dEOPHYS] A function p that is constant along a given -seismic ray~ given by p = rv- ~ sin i, where r is the distance from the centerO of the earth, v is the velocity, and i is theangle that the ray at a point P makes with the radius OP. {:'r~ po,ram'od'or } ray path : [COMMUN] Straight, geometric path between the transmitting and receiving location. [PHYS] An imaginary path along which travels the energy associated with a point on a wavefront. { 'r~ ,path } fayshake [BOT] . A radial crack in wood caused by wounds in.~ tree along the barrier zone. { 'r~ ,sh~k } ray surface [OFrlCS] The locus of points reached in a unit time inananisotropic medium by an electromagnetic disturb-: ance that'starts from the origin. { 'r~ ,sor'fos } ray system [ASTROH] The bright streaks radiating outward from a lunar crater. { 'r~ ,sis'tom } ray tracing [OPTICS] Calculation of the- paths followed by rays of light through an optical system, using Shell's law and trigonometrical formulas. { 'r~ ,tr~s'i0 } Razirl effect [PL PHYS] An effect whereby electrons in a cool, collisionless plasma strbngly reduce the intensity of synchrotron radiation. { 'fiiz.on i,fekt } razon , [ORD] A kind of glide bomb having movable control surfa_ces in the tail adjusted by radio signals to control the bomb in range and in azimuth. { 'r~,ziin ] razorback [GEOL] A sharp, narrow ridge. { 'r~.zor,bak } razor stone~Seenovaculite. { 'ra'zor ,strn } Rb See rubidium. RBE See relative biological effectiveness. R-branch [SPECT]. A series of lines in molecular spectra that correspond, in the case of absorption, to a unit increase in the rotational quantum numberJ. { '~r ,branch } RBS See Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. RrC amplifier See resistance-capacitance coupled amplifer. { lfir',s~ 'am'plo,f['or } RC asphalt See rapid-curing asphalt. { ',ar',s8 'as,fblt.} R-C circuit~ See. resistance-capacitance circuit. { ',~ir',s~ 'sop kot } R-C.constant- See resistance-capacitance constant. I ',~ir',s~ 'k[in.stant } R~C.coupled amplifier See resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier. { l[ir]s~ ',kop-old 'am.plo,fi.or } R-C~coupling See resistance coupling.. { ',iir',s~ 'kop'li0 } RCM See radar countermeasure. ~:.C r{etwork see resistance-capacitance network, t ',~",s~ 'net,work .} R Coronae Borealis star. [ASTROPHYS] A rare type of irregular variable.star which has long periods of maximum brightness followed by a sudden, unpredictable reduction in brightness .of several magnitudes, and a slower, sometimes erratic return to the original brightness. { ',~ir ko',rr,n~ ,bbr.~'al-os ,st~ } R-Coscillator See resistance-capacitance oscillator. { ',fir',s~ ': '~is.o,l~d.ar I rd See rutherford. RdAc,See radioactinium. RDC extractor See rotary-disk contactor. { ',~',d~s~ ik'strak. tor } RDF See radio direction finder. RDGE See resorcinol diglycidyl ether. R display [ELECTR] Radar display, essentially an expanded A display, in which an echo ~an be expanded for more detailed e~ami~~itibn.. { '~ di,~plfi } .' . ¯ FID~ see respiratory distress syndrome, of newborn. RDSS'SeeRadio Determination Satellite Sen, ices. FIDX Sek cyclonite. " .... IleSee rhenium. reach [ClV En~] A portion of a waten0ay between two locks or gages. [conr SYS] See range. [En~] The length of a channel, uniform with respect to discharge, depth, area, and slope: [~EO~R] 1. A c0ntiiiuous, unbroken surface of land or Water;" Also known as stretch. 2. A bay, estuary, 6t other arm.of the sea extending up into the land. [nYD] A ~traight, continuous~ or extended part of a rivet, stream, or restricted waterway. { rfich }
reach rod [MECH ENG] A rod motion in alink used t( motion.-from the reversing rod to the lifting shaft. ,r~id } reactance [ELEC] The imaginary part of the im analternating-current circuit. { r~'ak.tons } reactance amplifier See parametric amplifier. { r~'a 'am'pl~ fi.or } : reaetanca drop [~LEC] The component of the resenting the voltage droI: an alternating-currant circuit which is perpendicular to rent. { r~'ak-tons ,dr~p } reactance frequency multiplier. [ELECTR] tiplier whose essential element is a nonlinear reactor. tons,'frOkwan's~ "mol.to,pli.zr } reactance grounded [ELEC] Grounded throu {.r~'ak~tons ,gra~n.dod } reactance relay [Et.EC] Form of impedance relay, eration of which is a function of the reactance of { r~'ak'tons ,r~, I~ } reactance tube [ELECTR] Vacuum tube that it presents almost a pure reactance to the circuit.: tons ,tiib } reactance-tube modulator [ELECTR] An cuit, used to produce phase or frequency modulation, the i'eactance is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the modulating voltage. { r~'ak'tons o,lfid.or } reactant ratio [AERO ENG] The ratio of the wei oxidizer to fuel in a rocket engine. { reactants [CHE~] The molecules that act to produce a new set of molecules (products); the reaction HCI + NaOH --> NaCI + H_~O, the are the.reactants. { r~'ak'tons } reaction [CONT SYS] See positive feedback. [MECH] equal and opposite force which results when a force is on a body, according to Newton's third law of motion. PHYS] ,.See nuclear reaction. { rfi'ak.shon } reaction border See reaction rim. { rfi'ak.shon reaction boundary See reaction line. { reaction c~rVe See reaction line. { r~'ak.shon ,korv reaction,energy See disintegration energy. { reaction engine [AERo ENG] An en by its.reaction to a substance ejected from it; specifically an'engine that ejects a jet or stream of gases addition.ot~energy to the gases in the engine. reaction motor. { r~'ak.shon ,en.jon } reaction'enthalpy number [PHYS C.HEM] A number used in .the study of interphase transfer ieactions,.equal to the enthalpy of reaction specified compound produced in a reaction, fraction of that compound, divided by the product of.thes heat at constant pressure and the temperature chan reaction:~ { r~'ak.sh~n 'en,thal.p~ ,nom.bor } reaction fin [NAV ARCH] A multiple fin or ler installed ahead of a ship's propeller, with fins thaV. water flowing into the propeller rotates in opposite, resulting in elimination of race rotation propeller,, and thereby in increased efficiency. ~fin } reaction flux [MATER] Soldering flux which ~.lly with the base metal and has a rapid fluxing heated. { r~'ak.shon ,ticks } re~i~ti0~ formation [PSYCH] A defense acterized by the development of conscious, s0ciall activity which is the antithesis of re scious desires. { ra'ak'shan fbr,m~'sh~n reaction kinetics See chemical kinetics. { reactldnltne [PHYSCllEM] In of the boundary line along which one of the two pha~egpres~nt reacts with the liquid, as the decreased, to form the other crystallinephase. reaction boundary; reaction curve. { r~'ak'shon reaction motor [AERO ENG] See reaction engine2 A synchronous motor whose rotor contains salient which has no windings and no permanent magnets. ~hon ~m6d'or } reaction pair [MINERAL] Any two minerals, one
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HACKH'S
CHEMICAL DICTIONARY
[American and British Usage] Containing the Words Generally Used in Chemiso'y, and Many of the Terms Used in the Related Sciences of Physics, Astrophysics, Mineralogy, Pharmacy, Agriculture, Biology, Medicine, Engineering, etc.
Based on Recent Chemical Literature
FOURTH EDITION Completely Revised and Edited by
JULIUS GRANT
M.SC.~ PH.D.~ F.R.I.C. CHEMICAL CONSULTANT
McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY Dfisseldori ~ohannesbu~g New York S~. Louis San F~ancisco Kuala Lumpur London Mexico Montreal New Den
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Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Copyright renewed 1972 by Julius Grant. Copyright 1944, 1937, 1929 by ]~IcGraw-Hill, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card ~Vumber 61-18726 07-024064-7
i0 ii - MAMM - 8 4 3 2
The unpreo the 25 years have created s vances referred deflhed. Copfi an insuperable third edition le new word whi~ new words of a even many obs, the total numb been given to ¯ sciences, as we] Since new o: thousands a y~ Dictionary. little more that easily obtainab An explana desirable. Oft, or preparation versa. Thus when a compa~ whether the na cerned. Since decisions of thi chemical term and that there In the pres~ described as tr~ have been shol information is possibility that the policy of th, ated with trade
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RAZOR STONE
~lar motion) ;y helium a of radioactive tel- X rays oaetive ~eloeity electrons a of radioactive ~t= n rays. canal. reduced by the ~d tubs having ich the particles igh-veloeity elsethe cathode of ays on striking f extremely short pulp in an ammoniacal copper solution, which is ejected through fine orifices into a setting bath of dilute sulfuric acid. nitrocellulose r. (Chardonnet) is prepared by treating cotton with nitric and sulfuric acid, dissolving the resulting trinitrocellulose in alcohol and ether (collodion solution), and ejecting through fine nozzles into water or warm air. The flammable filaments are denitrated with sodium hydrosulfide, seaweed r. R. made by extruding an extract of seaweed in an aqueous alkali into acid. The alginic acid is precipitated as an alkali-insoluble filament, e.g., calcium alginate. tang r. A Norwegian textile made from staple fiber derived from r. and treated seaweed, viscose r. The commonest process of making r. involves soaking wood pulp or cotton linters in 18% caustic soda solution, treating the soda cellulose with carbon disulfide (xanthation), dissolving in caustic soda (viscose), and forcing the viscose through fine outlets into a setting and bleaching bath. razor stone. Novaculite. Rb. Symbul for rubidium. R.B.C. Abbreviation for red blood corpuscles. RBX. See hexalitc. r.d. Abbreviation for: (1) rod; (2) rutherford, q.v. R.D.X. A high explosive of the tetranitrocellulose type. Re. Symbol for rhenium. R~. Abbreviation for R~aumur. react. To enter into a chomical combination. reactants. Molecules that act with one another to form a new set of muleeules (resultants). a reaction, r. weight. reacting. Undergoing Equivalent weight. reaction. (1) That force which tends to oppose a given force (Newton's laws). (2) The acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (3) A chemical change: the transformation of one or more molecules (reactants) into others, acid- A positive test for the presence of hydrogen ions (acidity); as~ blue litmus turning red. addition= l~[uleeules combine to form a more complex molecule, aldol- See aldol condensation, alkaline= A positive test for the presence of hydroxyl ions (alkalinity); as, red litmus turning blue. amphoteric= The r. of a substance that has both acid and alkaline properties, analytic- Decomposition r. analyticalA r. used to determine the quantity and]or quality of matter, balanced= A reversible r. that does not go to completion in either direction. bimalecular- A r. of the second order. BunsenSee Bunsen. catalytic= A r. whose rate is accelerated by a catalyst. Cf. induced r. chain- See chain, trigger, color- A r. involving a change in color, combination= Elements unite to form a compound, complete= A chemical change ~hat proceeds to completion; as, precipitation, complex-, composite- A chemical change in which more than one r. occurs simultaneously, concurrentA chemical change consisting of a series of connected reactions that could not occur separately. condensation= A r. in which atoms are removed from 2 or more molecules, the residues combining to form a single molecule, counter= A reversible r. coupled= A concurrent r. decomposition-l~Iolecules decompose into simpler molecules and]ur atoms. diazoo See diazotization, displacement= An element molecule interacts with a compound molecule.
573
REACTION
dissociation= A compound muleeule splits into element molecules, electron= Oxidation-reduction r. endothermic~: A r. in which heat is consumed. esterifieation- R.OH ~- HA ~--- RA and H~O, where R is an aryl or alkyl radical; a catalyst (as zinc chioride) is required, etheriflcation= R-OH HOR~ ~ R.OR~ ~- H~O, where R and R~ are aryl and]or alkyl radicals, exothermic- A r. in which heat is liberated, flame- See Bunsen. groupA r. typical of a certain group of elements, as in qualitative analysis, heat o~- See boaS. heteroo gen(e)ous= A composite r. hydrolysis= The reversal of a neutralization r. by the action of water, incomplete= A balanced r. induced- A r. that is accelerated by an inductor or promoter. ionic- An instantaneous r. between ions in solution. irreversible= A r. that proceeds to completion and cannot be reversed, main= The principal r. metathetic= R. involving interaction of molecules. micro= See micro, molecular= In general, a slow r. between molecules and not ions. monomolecularA r. of the first order, negative- The absence err., e.g., in a color/metric, qualitative analytical test. neutral= A r. that is neither acid nor basic. trallzation= q.v. nuclear- See nuclear. OppOsingThe reverse r. in a balanced r. oxidation=reduction-, oxidoreducfion= See oxidation.reduction. peritectic= A r. between a solid phase (&) and a liquid phase producing a second solid phase (~). photo- See photo, positive= A r. that is definite, .g., in a colorimetrie, quulit~tive analytical test. primary- The principal or main r. that occurs in a composite system of reactious, principal= Primary r. protoll- Neutralization r. pyrogenic= See pyrogcnic, qualitative= q.v. quantitative- q.v. restitution- The reverse of substitution r. re= versible= An incomplete r. A r. that under suitable conditions san proceed from right to left or left to right, secondary= Subsidiary r. sideA r. simultaneous with the principal r., occurring between the same reactants or their products, and usually forming different products, simultaneousSide r. staircase= See s~ireasc, subsidiary- A r. between the resultants of a r. substitution- An element molecule substitutes one of the elements in a compound molecule, successive= A r. made up of a number of component reactions which aceur in succession, the reactants being in turn the resultants of the precediug r. sympatheticInduced r. synthetic- Combination and sdditlon r. topoehemioal= See topochcrnistry. ~Ictsthctical r. trigger- q.v. r. control. (I) Speed of r. depends on amouuts of substances present and energy (potential energy. - electromotive force, and free energy). A r. can be accelerated mechanically (as by increasing the number of molecules coming in contact with one another, by increasing the surface by subdivision); thermally (by increasing the velocity of the molecules by heating) ;~ electrically (by electrolysis); optically (by ~rradiati~n). (2) R. acidity is controlled by buffer solutions, r. equation. See chemical reaction, e~ua~ion, r. is0chore. An equation relating temperature and the equilibrium constant K at constant volume (or pressure) of a gas: d(log~ K)/dT ~ -- U/RTs; where T is absolute temperature, U the decrease in total energy or heat Quantity, and R the gas constant. By
extraordinary.
produced by from radioactive ~ wavelength and . See infrared l the red portion se K radiations~ midual cathode ~n metal foil in ~tions. Millikan~ e molecular, llLtion from certain nec on stri~in ~thode organisms. rdinary, phonieight r. rays. secondaryimary r. timate= See ultraviolet= The end of the visible nee. UV- Ultra, md X rays. ion, usually prolid. OL X rays. 61-1944. Hindu e organic nitrites ruff. winner (1904)( noble gases, of g English physicist, ~y mieally all textile In p .,f ingredient yes. CL prolon* ,llulose, prepared m or wood pulp ~.id, and concenof a catalyst; ~lving ass: Celanese tpra-r, r. glanz, g cotton or wood
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